本文關(guān)鍵詞： 近淺埋煤層 條帶開采 正交實驗 主控因素 沉陷預(yù)計　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前，地表沉陷預(yù)計方法主要是以概率積分法為代表的各類經(jīng)驗預(yù)測法，此類方法基于實測資料得出經(jīng)驗公式，但不涉及對采場上覆巖層移動規(guī)律的研究，且往往不適用于不充分采動條件下地表沉陷預(yù)計。 由于近淺埋煤層距地表較近，地表更容易受到開采活動的影響，因此，本文通過正交實驗、數(shù)值模擬、理論分析等手段，針對近淺埋煤層條帶開采這種極不充分采動條件，分析研究了地表沉陷的主控因素及主控因素對上覆巖層移動規(guī)律的影響，并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了覆巖關(guān)鍵層的力學(xué)模型，將覆巖移動與地表沉陷相聯(lián)系，提出了近淺埋煤層條帶開采條件下的地表沉陷預(yù)計方法。具體研究內(nèi)容及獲得的主要結(jié)論如下： 1）本文對近淺埋煤層條帶開采這一概念進行了限定：近淺埋煤層是指埋深不超過200m，基載比1~5，上覆巖層中存在一到兩組關(guān)鍵層的煤層，條帶開采是指采出寬度不足以使上覆巖層達到充分采動狀態(tài)，且保留條帶有足夠?qū)挾群头�(wěn)定性來支撐上覆巖層的開采方法。 2）針對覆巖移動及地表沉陷的影響因素繁多這一特點，對這些因素分組進行正交實驗：第一組實驗的因素為主關(guān)鍵層的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)；第二組實驗保留第一組實驗中的顯著因素，并考慮了亞關(guān)鍵層與表土層的影響；第三組實驗則考慮了關(guān)鍵層層位，非關(guān)鍵層巖層的分層厚度及物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)；第四組實驗針對煤層的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)進行；第五組實驗保留了第四組實驗的顯著因素，又考慮了開采尺寸與煤層附近巖層物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響。 3）對正交實驗得出的顯著因素進行單因素實驗，分析這些因素對上覆巖層移動規(guī)律的影響，既對正交實驗的結(jié)果進行了驗證，又進一步確定了條帶開采地表沉陷的主控因素。最終確定的近淺埋煤層條帶開采主控因素有：開采尺寸（采寬、留寬、采高），亞關(guān)鍵層厚度；對地表下沉有一定影響，，但影響弱于主控因素的因素有：主關(guān)鍵層厚度，亞關(guān)鍵層彈性模量與泊松比，層間巖層的泊松比與內(nèi)摩擦角，煤柱的粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角與泊松比。 4）基于近淺埋煤層條帶開采的覆層移動特征，建立了亞關(guān)鍵層與主關(guān)鍵層的力學(xué)模型，并根據(jù)兩者下沉量之間的關(guān)系，通過亞關(guān)鍵層的撓曲線求出了主關(guān)鍵層的撓曲線；對亞關(guān)鍵層進行了力學(xué)分析，驗證所建立力學(xué)模型對主控因素的響應(yīng)是否符合上覆巖層的移動規(guī)律，結(jié)果顯示基本吻合；最終通過主關(guān)鍵層的撓曲線得到地表下沉曲線，并提出了近淺埋煤層條件下的地表沉陷預(yù)計方法。
[Abstract]:At present, the prediction methods of surface subsidence are mainly based on probabilistic integration method, which is based on the measured data to obtain empirical formulas, but does not involve the study of overlying strata movement law. And it is often not suitable for the prediction of surface subsidence under the condition of insufficient mining. Because the near shallow coal seam is close to the ground surface, the surface is more vulnerable to the influence of mining activities. Therefore, this paper, by means of orthogonal experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, aims at the extremely inadequate mining conditions of strip mining in near shallow coal seam. This paper analyzes and studies the main controlling factors of surface subsidence and the influence of main controlling factors on the law of overlying strata movement. On the basis of this, a mechanical model of the key strata of overlying rock is established, which connects the overlying rock movement with the surface subsidence. The prediction method of surface subsidence under the condition of strip mining of near-shallow coal seam is put forward. The concrete research contents and the main conclusions obtained are as follows:. 1) in this paper, the concept of strip mining of near-shallow coal seam is limited: the near shallow coal seam is a coal seam with a buried depth of less than 200 m, a ratio of 1 to 5, and one or two groups of key layers in the overlying strata. Strip mining is a mining method in which the mining width is not enough to make the overlying strata fully mining and the strip has sufficient width and stability to support the overlying strata. 2) in view of the fact that there are many factors affecting overburden movement and surface subsidence, orthogonal experiments are carried out on these factors: the first group of experimental factors are mainly the physical and mechanical parameters of the key layer; The second group of experiments retained the significant factors in the first group of experiments and considered the influence of the subcritical layer and the surface soil layer, the third group considered the key layer position, the stratification thickness and the physical and mechanical properties of the non-critical strata. 4th groups of experiments were carried out according to the physical and mechanical properties of coal seam, 5th groups of experiments retained the significant factors of 4th groups of experiments, and the effects of mining size and physical and mechanical properties of strata near coal seam were considered. 3) A single factor experiment is carried out on the significant factors obtained from orthogonal experiment, and the influence of these factors on the overlying strata movement is analyzed. The results of orthogonal experiment are verified. The main controlling factors for surface subsidence in strip mining are further determined. The final determinations of the main control factors for strip mining in near-shallow coal seam are: mining size (mining width, retaining width, mining height, subcritical layer thickness), which has certain influence on surface subsidence. However, the factors that influence the main key layer thickness, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the subcritical layer, the Poisson's ratio and the internal friction angle of the interlayer rock layer, the cohesion of coal pillar, and the internal friction angle and Poisson's ratio are the factors that influence the main key layer thickness and the subcritical layer's elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio. 4) based on the characteristics of cladding movement in strip mining of near-shallow coal seam, the mechanical model of sub-critical layer and main critical layer is established, and according to the relationship between the subsidence of the two layers, the deflection curve of the main critical layer is obtained through the deflection curve of sub-critical layer. The mechanical analysis of the sub-critical layer is carried out to verify whether the response of the established mechanical model to the main controlling factors conforms to the movement law of the overlying strata, and the results show that the surface subsidence curve is obtained by the deflection curve of the main key layer. The prediction method of surface subsidence under the condition of near shallow coal seam is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD327

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