本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鐵尾砂 植生基質(zhì) 穩(wěn)定性 數(shù)值模擬　出處：《華北理工大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：露天開采邊坡生態(tài)重建是礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護與恢復重建所面臨的重大技術(shù)難題之一。通過對植生基質(zhì)噴播技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的研究,對系統(tǒng)闡明巖體—基質(zhì)—植被的防護作用及工程應用具有重要的科學意義及現(xiàn)實意義。論文圍繞坡面巖體—基質(zhì)—根系相互作用的力學效應,采用理論分析、試驗研究與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法,開展了植生基質(zhì)配比、根—基質(zhì)復合體物理力學試驗、植生基質(zhì)抗雨水沖刷試驗和基質(zhì)—坡面整體穩(wěn)定性的數(shù)值模擬研究。1)根據(jù)不同品種水泥對水化反應后的植生基材p H值的影響程度,對水泥品種進行優(yōu)選,試驗選取硫鋁酸鹽水泥作為配制植生基質(zhì)的膠結(jié)材料。2)試驗選取高羊茅、沙打旺作為護坡植物,以根系的直徑、長度、數(shù)量作為研究根系最大抗拉力、抗拉強度的變量,通過測定根系的拉力以及斷面面積研究根系的抗拉性能。同一長度的沙打旺根系的最大抗拉力大于高羊茅根系最大抗拉力。3)以水泥、p H調(diào)節(jié)劑、秸稈作為研究根-基質(zhì)復合體的抗壓強度、抗剪強度的變量,通過正交試驗法分析各個變量對根-基質(zhì)復合體強度的影響大小,并最終確定水泥的摻加量對強度的影響最大。4)以降雨強度、降雨歷時作為變量,測定每次沖刷的侵蝕量和徑流量,從降雨入滲和降雨侵蝕兩方面研究植生基質(zhì)的抗雨水沖刷性能。隨著配制植生基質(zhì)中鐵尾礦摻加量的增加,植生基質(zhì)侵蝕量逐漸減小、徑流量逐漸增大。5)利用有限元PLAXIS軟件對以上數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)值模擬,研究有無植被、植被密度、坡度、飽和度對植生基質(zhì)位移、應力變化的影響規(guī)律。隨根系密度的減小,坡度的增加、飽和度的增加基質(zhì)—坡面的整體穩(wěn)定性降低。研究表明,在裸露的巖質(zhì)邊坡上噴播以鐵尾砂、水泥、p H調(diào)節(jié)劑、秸稈等作為基礎(chǔ)材料配制的植生基質(zhì)可以達到生態(tài)治理的效果。
[Abstract]:The ecological reconstruction of slope in open-pit mining is one of the major technical problems faced by the protection and restoration of ecological environment in exploitation of mineral resources. It is of great scientific and practical significance to clarify systematically the protective effect and engineering application of rock-matrix vegetation. By combining the experimental research with numerical simulation, the physical and mechanical tests of the root matrix complex and the ratio of the plantlet matrix were carried out. The experiment of resistance to Rain Water and numerical simulation of the overall stability of substrate and slope. 1) according to the degree of influence of different kinds of cement on pH value of hydrated base material, the cement varieties were selected. The experiment selected sulphoaluminate cement as the cementing material to prepare the phytogenic matrix. 2) the experiment selected tall fescue and Astragalus adsurgens as slope protection plants. The diameter, length and quantity of root system were taken as variables to study the maximum tensile strength and tensile strength of root system. The tensile properties of roots were studied by measuring the tensile strength and cross section area of roots. The maximum tensile strength of the same length root system of Astragalus adsurgens was higher than that of tall fescue roots. Straw was used as a variable to study the compressive strength and shear strength of root-matrix complex. The influence of each variable on root-matrix complex strength was analyzed by orthogonal test. Finally, it is determined that the cement admixture has the greatest influence on the strength. 4) with rainfall intensity and rainfall duration as variables, the erosion amount and runoff of each scour are measured. The erosion resistance of phytogenic substrates to Rain Water was studied from the aspects of rainfall infiltration and rainfall erosion. With the increase of iron tailings addition, the erosion amount of phytogenic substrates decreased gradually. (5) using finite element PLAXIS software to simulate the above data, to study the influence of vegetation, vegetation density, slope and saturation on the displacement and stress change of vegetative matrix. With the increase of slope degree and the increase of saturation, the overall stability of substrate-slope is decreased. The research shows that the exposed rock slope is sprayed with iron tailings, cement and H modifier, The effect of ecological control can be achieved by using straw as the base material.
【學位授予單位】：華北理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD926.4;X171.4;S359

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