本文選題：谷子 + 花發(fā)育　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：谷子,其種子脫皮后即為人們俗稱的“小米”,是我國重要的糧食作物之一,由于其含有很高的營養(yǎng)價值,越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。同時,由于谷子為二倍體自花授粉作物,基因組較小(約515M),與水稻基因組具有較高的共線性,正逐步發(fā)展為一種模式作物。此外,谷子還是C4植物,對谷子研究的不斷深入對于光合作用的研究具有重要的意義�；ㄆ鞴俚陌l(fā)育對禾本科糧食作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)都有著直接影響,對穗部研究,尤其是花序發(fā)育的研究,不僅對了解植物的遺傳和生殖具有重要意義,對于提高糧食的產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量也具有指導(dǎo)意義。本研究利用化學(xué)誘變劑甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methylsulfonate,EMS)誘變谷子Yu1(豫谷1號)品種,篩選得到一個可以穩(wěn)定遺傳的穗部突變體sidts1(degenerated top spike)。與野生型Yu1相比,該突變體突變特征主要表現(xiàn)在穗部變短、變細(xì)、頂部變尖;穗下部碼粒較緊實,由下往上花器官數(shù)目逐漸減少導(dǎo)致結(jié)實率降低,穗頂部幾乎不結(jié)實,但結(jié)實的種子變大;同時在穗上部谷碼的部分各級分支尖端呈現(xiàn)出明顯紅色,表現(xiàn)出紅尖穗且穗上部小花退化。對穗部鋅、鐵金屬含量測定發(fā)現(xiàn)突變體sidts1穗部鋅和鐵元素的含量均比野生型Yu1中的含量顯著升高。利用突變體sidts1與SSR41雜交構(gòu)建的F_2定位群體進(jìn)行基因定位,經(jīng)過χ~2檢測正常株與突變株符合3:1分離比,證明該突變性狀為細(xì)胞核隱性單基因控制。采用BSA(Bulked Segregation Analysis)法,將突變基因定位在6號染色體一端0-137Kb的區(qū)間,結(jié)合高通量測序分析結(jié)果最終鎖定候選基因,命名為SiDTS1。該基因編碼具有7個跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域的蛋白,僅含有一個ZIP(Zinc/iron permease)蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域,與金屬元素鋅、鐵等的攝取、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)。表達(dá)量分析顯示SiDTS1基因在孕穗期根、莖、葉、穗都有表達(dá),在穗中的表達(dá)量最高。通過構(gòu)建SiDTS1-GFP融合表達(dá)載體,發(fā)現(xiàn)該基因定位在液泡膜。對谷子ZIP蛋白家族成員挖掘及qRT-PCR分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在谷子中還有16個ZIP蛋白家族基因,這些基因具有表達(dá)特異性。本研究以sidts1紅尖穗且穗上部小花退化突變體為研究材料,對鋅、鐵微量金屬營養(yǎng)元素含量對谷子花器官發(fā)育的影響進(jìn)行了初步探究,為以后禾本科花發(fā)育的相關(guān)研究提供了方向。
[Abstract]:Millet, which is commonly known as millet after peeling, is one of the most important food crops in China. Because of its high nutritional value, millet has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, because millet is a diploid self-pollinated crop, the genome is smaller (about 515Mg), which has a high collinearity with the rice genome, and is gradually developing into a model crop. In addition, millet is also a C4 plant. The further study of millet is of great significance to the study of photosynthesis. The development of floral organs has a direct effect on the yield and quality of gramineous grain crops. The study of panicle, especially the development of inflorescence, is of great significance not only in understanding the heredity and reproduction of plants, but also in the development of inflorescence. For improving grain production and quality also has a guiding significance. In this study, a mutants of Yu-1 (Yugu 1) were obtained by mutagenesis of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS1), a stable genetic mutant sidts1(degenerated top spikee, which was used to mutate millet Yu1 (Yugu 1) by using the chemical mutagen ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS1). Compared with wild-type Yu1, the mutant was characterized by shorter panicle, thinner panicle and sharper top, and tighter grains at the lower ear, which resulted in a decrease in the number of flower organs from the bottom to the top leading to a decrease in the seed setting rate, and almost no seed setting at the top of the ear. At the same time, the tip of some branches of grain code in the upper ear showed obvious red, showing red spikelet and degeneracy of floret in the upper ear. It was found that the contents of Zn and Fe in spike of mutant sidts1 were significantly higher than those in wild type Yu1. The FSC2 locational population constructed by sidts1 and SSR41 hybridization was used to localize the gene. 蠂 ~ 2 was used to detect the 3:1 segregation ratio between the normal strain and the mutant strain. It was proved that the mutant trait was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Using BSA(Bulked Segregation analysis, the mutant gene was located in the region of 0-137Kb at one end of chromosome 6, and the candidate gene was finally locked in combination with high-throughput sequencing analysis, named SiDTS1. The gene encodes seven transmembrane domain proteins containing only one ZIP(Zinc/iron permeaseprotein domain, which is related to the uptake and transport of zinc and iron. Expression analysis showed that SiDTS1 gene was expressed in root, stem, leaf and ear at booting stage, and the highest expression was found in ear. The SiDTS1-GFP fusion expression vector was constructed and the gene was located in the vacuolar membrane. The ZIP protein family members of millet were excavated and qRT-PCR analysis showed that there were also 16 ZIP family genes in millet, which were expressed specifically. In this study, the effects of the contents of zinc and iron micronutrients on the development of flower organs in millet were studied with sidts1 red spikelet and flower degeneration mutants at the top of spike. It provides a direction for the research on the flower development of Gramineae in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S515

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