【摘要】：雙質(zhì)體振動給料機是一種廣泛應(yīng)用在冶金、煤炭、電力、化工、建材、輕工和糧食等行業(yè)中的給料設(shè)備。目前雙質(zhì)體振動給料機大多是采用經(jīng)驗數(shù)據(jù)和安全系數(shù)的設(shè)計方法，未充分考慮結(jié)構(gòu)的工作動態(tài)特性，因此不能保證產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計合理性，導(dǎo)致電耗高、振幅不穩(wěn)定、產(chǎn)量較低、噪音大、使用壽命短等缺點。所以，采用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法研究和制造雙質(zhì)體振動給料機，提升設(shè)計水平、縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期及提高產(chǎn)品可靠性等已成為一項重要的研究課題。為此，本論文采用虛擬設(shè)計、動態(tài)設(shè)計、有限元分析、動力學(xué)仿真等現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法對雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的設(shè)計技術(shù)展開了研究。 通過對雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的工作原理和給料槽體內(nèi)物料的運動形式的研究，推導(dǎo)出給料槽體工作面的位移、速度、加速度、物料運動的理論平均速度和產(chǎn)量的計算公式，，總結(jié)出雙質(zhì)體振動給料機工藝參數(shù)的選擇原則和方法；分析了物料運動速度的影響參數(shù)，并利用MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱對其進行了優(yōu)化計算，得到了小傾角橢圓振動給料機物料在拋擲運動狀態(tài)下輸送速度最大時的最佳運動學(xué)參數(shù)。 建立了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的動力學(xué)模型和四自由度振動方程，給出了振動方程的求解方法。對振動方程的分析表明，雙質(zhì)體振動給料機出現(xiàn)前、后搖擺振動的原因是激振力不通過機體質(zhì)心，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了使雙質(zhì)體振動給料機減少前、后搖擺振動的措施。同時計算了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的動力學(xué)參數(shù)，為有限元模型的創(chuàng)建與動力學(xué)仿真研究提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。 應(yīng)用三維CAD繪圖軟件SolidWorks建立了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機三維模型，完成給料機的虛擬裝配，干涉檢驗和整機參數(shù)的校驗。利用Visual Basic對SolidWorks進行了二次開發(fā)，建立了人機交互界面，通過Visual Basic編程實現(xiàn)不同參數(shù)的模型更新，實現(xiàn)一參數(shù)一模型的自動生成和模型的重新裝配，并實現(xiàn)了三維實體模型向二維工程圖的自動轉(zhuǎn)換，以便直接用于生產(chǎn)。整合以上功能建立了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機虛擬設(shè)計系統(tǒng)，有效縮短了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期、節(jié)省了制造成本、提高了設(shè)計質(zhì)量。 采用三維CAD繪圖軟件SolidWorks、有限元分析軟件ANSYS、多體動力學(xué)仿真軟件MSC.ADAMS聯(lián)合仿真技術(shù)，建立了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的剛?cè)狁詈咸摂M樣機模型，并進行了動力學(xué)仿真分析，得到了整機的運動學(xué)和動力學(xué)參數(shù)、主振彈簧和隔振彈簧受力曲線及振動方向角變化曲線等。結(jié)果表明，在開機和停止階段，給料機會出現(xiàn)前后和左右的搖擺，但幅度不大，隔振彈簧承受較大的沖擊載荷，易發(fā)生剪斷破壞，主振彈簧在起動和停止階段受力很小，工作時振幅平穩(wěn)，其破壞形式主要為穩(wěn)定階段的疲勞失效；雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的平均振動方向角仿真值為34.8°，與理論設(shè)計值35°基本一致。仿真結(jié)果與理論計算結(jié)果的對比分析表明，兩者具有較好的一致性，由此證明了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機動力學(xué)仿真模型的正確性及仿真結(jié)果的可靠性。 應(yīng)用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對給料槽體進行了自由模態(tài)分析，結(jié)果表明給料槽體在額定工作頻率下工作不會出現(xiàn)共振現(xiàn)象；對雙質(zhì)體振動給料機整機進行了約束模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析，結(jié)果表明雙質(zhì)體振動給料機能夠成功地克服共振，實現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)地起動和正常工作。應(yīng)用ANSYS Workbench軟件對主振彈簧、給料槽體等關(guān)鍵易損零部件進行了疲勞分析，得出了壽命圖、損傷圖、安全系數(shù)等疲勞分析參數(shù)，確定了彈簧的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、不安全和易損傷區(qū)域，進而分析了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的合理性，并估算出了使用壽命，為優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供了依據(jù)。 對雙質(zhì)體振動給料機進行了空載實驗，測得了各測點的運動軌跡和振動方向角，實驗結(jié)果與理論分析結(jié)果和仿真結(jié)果基本一致，證明了雙質(zhì)體振動給料機動力學(xué)分析的正確性。同時，實驗表明雙質(zhì)體振動給料機的工作性能和振動特性能夠滿足設(shè)計要求。對給料槽體進行了自由模態(tài)試驗，測得了給料槽體的固有頻率和振型，結(jié)果表明試驗?zāi)B(tài)分析結(jié)果和理論模態(tài)分析結(jié)果基本一致，驗證了所建立的有限元模型的合理性。
[Abstract]:Double-body vibration feeder is a kind of feeding equipment widely used in the fields of metallurgy, coal, power, chemical industry, building materials, light industry and grain. At present, most of the double-body vibration feeder adopts the design method of the experience data and the safety factor, and the working dynamic characteristics of the structure are not fully considered, therefore, the design rationality of the product structure cannot be ensured, the power consumption is high, the amplitude is not stable, the output is low, the noise is large, Short service life and the like. Therefore, using the modern design method to study and manufacture the double-body vibration feeder, improve the design level, shorten the product development cycle and improve the product reliability have become an important research subject. In this paper, the design technology of double-body vibration feeder is studied by means of the modern design methods such as virtual design, dynamic design, finite element analysis and dynamic simulation. Based on the working principle of the double-body vibration feeder and the study of the motion form of the material in the feed tank, the displacement, velocity, acceleration, the theoretical average speed of the material movement and the calculation of the yield are derived. The selection principle and method of the process parameters of the double-body vibration feeder are summarized, the influence parameters of the material movement speed are analyzed, and the optimization meter is optimized by using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. In this paper, the best kinematics parameter of the material of the small-angle elliptical vibrating feeder at the maximum conveying speed in the casting motion is obtained. In this paper, the dynamic model and four-degree-of-freedom vibration equation of the double-body vibration feeder are established, and the solution of the vibration equation is given. The analysis of the vibration equation shows that the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder before and after the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder is not passing through the center of mass of the machine body. On the basis of this, it is proposed that the double-body vibration feeder can reduce the front and rear swing vibration. The dynamic parameters of the double-body vibration feeder are also calculated, and the basis of the creation and dynamic simulation of the finite element model is provided. The three-dimensional model of the double-body vibration feeder is established by using the three-dimensional CAD drawing software SolidWorks, and the virtual assembly, the interference inspection and the complete machine of the feeder are completed. The second development of SolidWorks is carried out with Visual Basic, the human-computer interaction interface is established, the model updating of different parameters is realized through Visual Basic programming, the automatic generation of a parameter and the re-assembly of the model are realized, and the three-dimensional solid model is realized to the two-dimensional drawing automatic conversion in order to be straight and the virtual design system of the double-body vibration feeder is established by the function of the above-in-one function, the development period of the product is effectively shortened, the manufacturing cost is saved, the production cost is improved, The design quality is designed. The three-dimensional CAD drawing software SolidWorks, the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the multi-body dynamics simulation software MSC. ADAMS combined simulation technology, the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model of the double-body vibration feeder is established, and the dynamic simulation analysis is carried out to obtain the motion of the complete machine. Mechanical and dynamic parameters, main vibration spring and vibration isolation spring force curve and vibration side The results show that the feeder will swing before and after the starting and stopping phases, but the amplitude is not large, the vibration isolation spring can bear the large impact load, the shear failure is easy to occur, the force of the main vibration spring is very small at the start and stop stages, The amplitude is stable at the time of operation, and the damage form is mainly the fatigue failure of the stable stage; the average vibration direction angle of the double-body vibration feeder is 34.8 擄, and the theoretical design value The comparison between the simulation results and the theoretical calculation results shows that the two have good consistency, thus the correctness and the simulation of the dynamic simulation model of the double-body vibration feeder are proved. The reliability of the real results is obtained. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is applied to the free mode analysis of the feeding tank body. The results show that the feeding tank works at the rated working frequency without resonance phenomenon, and the whole machine of the double-body vibration feeder is restrained. The results show that the double-body vibration feeder can successfully overcome the resonance and realize the level analysis. The fatigue analysis of the key vulnerable parts such as the main vibration spring and the feeding tank body is carried out by using the ANSYS Workbench software, and the fatigue analysis parameters such as the life chart, the damage map and the safety coefficient are obtained, and the weak link, the non-safety and the damage area of the spring are determined, and the analysis is further analyzed. the rationality of the structural design is reasonable, and the service life is estimated, A no-load experiment is carried out on the double-body vibration feeder, and the motion track and the vibration direction angle of each measuring point are measured. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis results and the simulation results, and the double-body vibration is proved to be The dynamic analysis of the machine is correct. At the same time, the experiment shows that the working performance and the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder The dynamic characteristics can meet the design requirements. The free mode test of the feeding tank body is carried out, and the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the feeding tank body are measured. The results show that the experimental modal analysis results are consistent with the theoretical mode analysis results, and the built-in results are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH237.1

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