【摘要】：可移動小機(jī)床加工大型構(gòu)件是一項(xiàng)實(shí)用性非常強(qiáng)的技術(shù),理論上講,它擺脫了導(dǎo)軌的束縛,可以加工出任意長度的工件,而自適應(yīng)定位技術(shù)是這種理念能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵。目前在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中利用此項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)可以完成一些大型矩形面的加工然而要想在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用,自適應(yīng)定位方法的可靠性及其定位精度還需要進(jìn)一步論證。 為了提高自適應(yīng)定位可靠性并提高定位精度,本文以自適應(yīng)定位銑削大型法蘭上平面為例對自適應(yīng)定位方法展開研究。首先,建立了加工大型法蘭上平面的自適應(yīng)定位模型,并對模型的求解步驟及具體操作過程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。然后通過改善自適應(yīng)定位模型的求解方法及簡化操作過程,提高自適應(yīng)定位的可靠性及定位精度。 在大型法蘭面自適應(yīng)定位模型基礎(chǔ)上,利用剛體運(yùn)動學(xué)理論建立起自適應(yīng)定位誤差模型,找出影響自適應(yīng)定位精度的主要因素：工件坐標(biāo)系在測量坐標(biāo)系下位姿誤差,機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系在測量坐標(biāo)系下位姿誤差。對工件坐標(biāo)系在測量坐標(biāo)系下位姿誤差仿真分析,提出通過合理建立坐標(biāo)系的方法來提高自適應(yīng)定位精度；對機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系在測量坐標(biāo)系下位姿誤差仿真分析得出,可以通過合理選擇三個點(diǎn)的相對位置來提高自適應(yīng)定位精度。然后利用自適應(yīng)定位誤差模型對加工效果進(jìn)行預(yù)測,從理論上分析了自適應(yīng)定位方法的可靠性。 提出新的機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系的測量方案,進(jìn)一步提高了自適應(yīng)定位方法的可靠性。然后,為了提高實(shí)驗(yàn)效果,對實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)床幾何誤差進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,并對補(bǔ)償效果進(jìn)行測量評價。 通過理論研究,改善了自適應(yīng)定位模型的求解方法；利用實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了利用自適應(yīng)定位方法加工大型法蘭平面的可行性及可靠性,通過將新的測量方案加工效果與舊的測量方案加工效果對比,驗(yàn)證了新的機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系測量方案的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:Machining large components with movable small machine tools is a very practical technology. Theoretically, it gets rid of the shackles of guideways and can process workpieces of arbitrary length. Adaptive positioning technology is the key to the realization of this concept. At present, some large rectangular surfaces can be machined by using this technology in the laboratory. However, in order to be applied in practical production, the reliability and positioning accuracy of the adaptive positioning method need to be further demonstrated. In order to improve the reliability of adaptive positioning and improve the positioning accuracy, this paper takes the adaptive positioning and milling of the upper plane of large flanges as an example to study the adaptive positioning method. Firstly, an adaptive positioning model for machining the upper plane of large flange is established, and the solving steps and operation process of the model are analyzed in detail. Then the reliability and positioning accuracy of adaptive positioning are improved by improving the solution method of adaptive positioning model and simplifying the operation process. Based on the adaptive positioning model of large flange surface, the adaptive positioning error model is established by using rigid body kinematic theory, and the main factors affecting the accuracy of adaptive positioning are found out: the pose error of workpiece coordinate system in measuring coordinate system, The position and attitude error of the machine tool coordinate system is measured in the coordinate system. Based on the simulation analysis of the position and attitude error of the workpiece coordinate system in the measurement coordinate system, the method of establishing the coordinate system reasonably is put forward to improve the adaptive positioning accuracy. The simulation analysis of the pose error in the machine tool coordinate system shows that the adaptive positioning accuracy can be improved by reasonably selecting the relative position of the three points. Then the adaptive positioning error model is used to predict the machining effect, and the reliability of the adaptive positioning method is analyzed theoretically. A new measurement scheme of machine tool coordinate system is proposed, which further improves the reliability of adaptive positioning method. Then, in order to improve the experimental effect, the geometric error of the experimental machine tool is compensated, and the compensation effect is measured and evaluated. Through theoretical research, the solution method of adaptive positioning model is improved. The feasibility and reliability of machining large flange plane by adaptive positioning method are verified by experiments. The machining effect of the new measurement scheme is compared with that of the old measurement scheme. The superiority of the new coordinate system measurement scheme is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH16

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