【摘要】：對(duì)于由多種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件組成的塔式起重機(jī)而言，將這類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)（單元）進(jìn)行特定組合以形成不同的工作狀況，既是實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能的基礎(chǔ)，也是其工作的基本屬性。目前，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中普遍采用有限元軟件進(jìn)行分析和校核，考慮到使用有限元建模比較繁瑣，因此簡(jiǎn)化有限元建模過(guò)程對(duì)于提高設(shè)計(jì)效率而言就顯得非常重要。 本論文的第一部分旨在對(duì)塔式起重機(jī)有限元建模過(guò)程進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新性研究，充分利用常用的建模軟件AutoCAD和有限元軟件ANSYS，開(kāi)發(fā)出一套完整的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由建模、轉(zhuǎn)化、有限元前處理、裝配等幾部分組成。利用ObjectARX.Net對(duì)AutoCAD進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)，利用APDL對(duì)ANSYS進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)，利用MFC編制參數(shù)輸入界面，將AutoCAD的建模與ANSYS的前處理整合起來(lái)。本系統(tǒng)通過(guò)讀取CAD的三維線框圖，并將這些線框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為特定有限元模型，利用參數(shù)化裝配技術(shù)，組裝出各個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單元與結(jié)構(gòu)，從而建立起各種常用的塔式起重機(jī)整機(jī)或部件的有限元模型。本程序能建立各種常見(jiàn)的塔帽式，動(dòng)臂式，平頭式，撐桿式塔式起重機(jī)。并且可在短時(shí)間內(nèi)快速對(duì)各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行任意裝配組裝。同時(shí)在AutoCAD中對(duì)相應(yīng)線框模型進(jìn)行修改也可以轉(zhuǎn)換到有限元模型中，并可以充分的利用已有CAD圖形來(lái)建立各種工況下的塔機(jī)模型。這種全新建模思路和CAD與CAE在塔機(jī)方面的集成技術(shù)有效的解決了塔式起重機(jī)在多工況分析的過(guò)程中反復(fù)建模的問(wèn)題，顯著提高了設(shè)計(jì)與分析的效率。 本論文的第二部分對(duì)QTZ2400塔式起重機(jī)作了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中參閱最新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與規(guī)范，設(shè)計(jì)出了起重力矩為2400噸米的上回轉(zhuǎn)、自升式、動(dòng)臂式塔式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，為了滿足設(shè)計(jì)的合理與可靠性，充分利用上述開(kāi)發(fā)的“基于CAD與FEM參數(shù)化裝配系統(tǒng)”的優(yōu)勢(shì)，，在特定載荷組合條件下對(duì)塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在多工況下進(jìn)行整體的有限元建模與分析，校驗(yàn)了各項(xiàng)力學(xué)性能，確保了設(shè)計(jì)的合理有效。
[Abstract]:For tower cranes composed of a variety of standard components, it is not only the basis of its function, but also the basic attribute of its work to combine this kind of standard section (unit) to form different working conditions. At present, finite element software is widely used for analysis and verification in the design process. Considering that it is tedious to use finite element modeling, it is very important to simplify the finite element modeling process in order to improve the design efficiency. The first part of this paper aims at innovative research on the finite element modeling process of tower crane, and makes full use of the commonly used modeling software AutoCAD and finite element software ANSYS, to develop a complete system. The system is mainly composed of modeling, transformation, finite element pre-processing, assembly and so on. The secondary development of AutoCAD is carried out by ObjectARX.Net, the secondary development of ANSYS is carried out by APDL, and the parameter input interface is compiled by MFC, and the modeling of AutoCAD is integrated with the preprocessing of ANSYS. By reading the three-dimensional line block diagram of CAD and transforming these line diagrams into specific finite element models, the system assembles each standard element and structure by using parametric assembly technology. Thus, the finite element model of the whole machine or components of various commonly used tower cranes is established. This program can establish a variety of common tower cap type, moving arm type, flat head type, brace tower crane. And can quickly assemble and assemble each structure in a short period of time. At the same time, the modification of the corresponding wireframe model in AutoCAD can also be transformed into the finite element model, and the existing CAD graphics can be fully used to establish the tower crane model under various working conditions. This new modeling idea and the integration technology of CAD and CAE in tower crane effectively solve the problem of repeated modeling of tower crane in the process of multi-working condition analysis, and significantly improve the efficiency of design and analysis. In the second part of this paper, the structure of QTZ2400 tower crane is designed, and the structure of tower crane with lifting torque of 2400 tons and meters is designed by referring to the latest standards and specifications in the process of design. At the same time, in order to meet the rationality and reliability of the design, we should make full use of the advantages of the "parametric assembly system based on CAD and FEM" developed above. Under the condition of specific load combination, the whole finite element modeling and analysis of tower crane structure under multiple working conditions are carried out, and the mechanical properties are verified to ensure the reasonable and effective design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH213.3

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