【摘要】：伴隨著我國對風(fēng)力發(fā)電領(lǐng)域的日益重視,一些大型的風(fēng)力發(fā)電項(xiàng)目開始投資建設(shè),在向全社會(huì)提供大量新能源的同時(shí),也為風(fēng)力發(fā)電相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來商機(jī)。履帶起重機(jī)行業(yè),作為風(fēng)電吊裝領(lǐng)域的主要角色,從中獲益匪淺。風(fēng)電設(shè)備吊裝過程的特點(diǎn)是起升高度高、起升載荷大,同時(shí)為避免吊物與臂架發(fā)生干涉碰撞,其對作業(yè)半徑的要求也十分嚴(yán)格。針對這一特點(diǎn),為更好的滿足風(fēng)電吊裝作業(yè)要求,各廠家紛紛推出風(fēng)電專用的機(jī)型,在原有履帶起重機(jī)上加裝風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)是各廠家的主要手段。 履帶起重機(jī)風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)是以其原有臂架組合形式為設(shè)計(jì)原型,根據(jù)風(fēng)機(jī)的吊裝要求對部分結(jié)構(gòu)重新改良設(shè)計(jì),本文以固定副臂臂架組合形式為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。此種結(jié)構(gòu)由主臂臂頭、風(fēng)電專用副臂、副臂支架和前后拉板等部件組成,在繼承主臂工況高起重性能的同時(shí)可增加作業(yè)半徑和作業(yè)高度。系統(tǒng)中主臂臂頭為履帶起重機(jī)原有結(jié)構(gòu),無需另行設(shè)計(jì),所以本文主要以風(fēng)電專用副臂及副臂支架為研究對象,對其進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)研究。具體內(nèi)容如下： 1.針對履帶起重機(jī)風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求,結(jié)合QUY300履帶起重機(jī)的自身結(jié)構(gòu)形式,提出風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì)方案,并對其結(jié)構(gòu)形式、鋼絲繩卷繞系統(tǒng)和取物裝置進(jìn)行選型。 2.以《GB/T3811-2008起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》為設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),針對風(fēng)電專用副臂和副臂支架的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),對其進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。風(fēng)電專用副臂和副臂支架是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中的核心結(jié)構(gòu),其設(shè)計(jì)合理與否直接影響到整機(jī)性能的發(fā)揮。風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)在進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)時(shí),其起升載荷作用方向與副臂臂架軸線夾角較小,導(dǎo)致專用副臂的受力形式以軸向受壓為主,同時(shí)在前后拉板的影響下,副臂支架的受力形式同樣以軸向受壓為主。因此,本文將壓彎構(gòu)件穩(wěn)定性作為結(jié)構(gòu)整體設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的主要研究因素；將彎曲強(qiáng)度作為結(jié)構(gòu)局部設(shè)計(jì)的主要研究因素,同時(shí)也作為驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)方案可行性的重要指標(biāo)。 3.以有限單元法為基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)用ANSYS軟件建立風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)有限元模型,并對整機(jī)組裝模型進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析、對副臂與副臂支架進(jìn)行屈曲分析、對局部結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行接觸分析。通過分析計(jì)算結(jié)果,明確風(fēng)電吊裝系統(tǒng)各組成構(gòu)件的應(yīng)變特征、應(yīng)力大小和應(yīng)力分布等情況,從系統(tǒng)剛度和強(qiáng)度方面驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)方案的可行性。 4.為提高產(chǎn)品的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,本文以系統(tǒng)重量為目標(biāo)函數(shù),選取系統(tǒng)中相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為設(shè)計(jì)變量,對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。此優(yōu)化問題屬于多變量非線性規(guī)劃,求解此類問題的關(guān)鍵在于尋求合理的約束條件,過多的約束條件會(huì)導(dǎo)致可行域范圍很小,不易查找優(yōu)化點(diǎn)；過少的約束條件又會(huì)導(dǎo)致可行域過大,從而使尋找優(yōu)化點(diǎn)的時(shí)間過長。本文選取系統(tǒng)中各部件的整體穩(wěn)定性、單支穩(wěn)定性和彎曲強(qiáng)度等作為性能約束,選取各設(shè)計(jì)變量的取值范圍作為邊界約束,采用MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱提供的遺傳算法對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化計(jì)算,得出最優(yōu)結(jié)果。根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果重新建立有限元模型并進(jìn)行有限元計(jì)算,通過優(yōu)化前后的結(jié)果對比,闡述系統(tǒng)整體的剛強(qiáng)度變化,進(jìn)而說明優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)各部件材料的利用率得到了提高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing importance of our country in the field of wind power generation, some large-scale wind power generation projects have started to invest and build, and at the same time to provide a large amount of new energy to the whole society, it also brings business opportunities to the related industries of wind power generation. The track crane industry, as the main role in the field of wind power hoisting, has benefited greatly from it. The hoisting process of the wind power equipment is characterized in that the lifting height is high, the hoisting load is large, and meanwhile, the interference collision between the hanging object and the arm support is avoided, and the requirement on the working radius is also very strict. In view of this feature, in order to better meet the requirements of the wind power lifting operation, each manufacturer has launched the special model of wind power, and the wind power hoisting system installed on the original crawler crane is the main means of each manufacturer. The wind power hoisting system of the crawler crane is the design prototype in the form of the original arm support, and the design of the partial structure is re-modified according to the hoisting requirements of the fan. This paper is based on the combined form of the fixed auxiliary arm arm support. The structure comprises a main arm arm head, a wind power special auxiliary arm, a secondary arm bracket and a front and back pull plate and the like, The main boom arm head of the system is the original structure of the track crane, and is not required to be designed separately, so the paper mainly focuses on the design and research of the auxiliary arm and the auxiliary arm support for wind power as the research object. A. Specific content such as Next:1. According to the design requirements of the wind power hoisting system of the crawler crane, the overall design scheme of the wind power hoisting system is put forward in combination with the structure form of the QUY300 track crane, and the structure form, the wire rope winding system and the object taking device are introduced. Line type selection.2. For the design standard of the crane design code 【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH213.7

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