制造企業(yè)工程變更影響評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-29 06:13
【摘要】：對于現代制造企業(yè)而言,工程變更是難以避免的,它廣泛存在于企業(yè)的各個部門,涉及產品的整個生命周期,是企業(yè)生產經營中一項非常重要的活動。工程變更在給企業(yè)帶來一定效益的同時也可能會對企業(yè)造成一定的損失,如何準確衡量變更的利弊大小,做出正確的變更決策,是工程變更管理中一項重要的研究內容。本文從變更影響評價的角度出發(fā),提出了一個相對完善的工程變更影響評價理論體系,它能夠定量地評價變更可能產生的效益和造成的損失以及變更存在的風險,得出一個綜合的評價結果,作為變更決策的參考依據。 論文首先對工程變更影響評價的基礎理論做了深入研究,總結了現有的綜合評價的方法及原則,確定了工程變更評價的關鍵技術。論文將層次分析法引入到變更評價當中,通過該方法,可以把復雜系統(tǒng)的決策思維層次化,把決策過程中定性和定量的因素有機地結合起來,將人的主觀判斷用數量的形式表達出來,使之條理化、科學化,從而避免由于人的主觀性導致權重預測與實際情況相矛盾的現象發(fā)生,提高了決策的有效性和準確性。 其次,論文對制造企業(yè)的工程變更評價因素進行了分析,提出從成本、效益和風險三個方面對變更進行評價,并以此為基礎提出了評價指標體系的建立方法。在成本評價方面,分析了變更過程中成本的構成,并給出了詳細的計算公式；提出用相似成本法在產品歷史成本庫的基礎上結合指數平滑法估算變更后產品成本的方法；提出了總成本的計算公式。在效益和風險評價方面,提出了用層次分析法計算變更效益和風險因素評價指標權重,用專家評分法計算評價指標值的方法。在此基礎上,論文提出了效益和風險評價值轉換成貨幣當量的計算公式,將三種評價因素的評價結果綜合成一個最終評價值,作為決策參考依據。 最后,論文在理論研究的基礎上設計了計算機輔助工程變更評價系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)可以幫助變更評價人員準確高效地完成評價工作。論文分析了系統(tǒng)的功能需求和開發(fā)環(huán)境,詳細介紹了系統(tǒng)的各個功能模塊及工作流程,設計出了系統(tǒng)的工作界面并實現了關鍵的計算功能模塊。
[Abstract]:As far as modern manufacturing enterprises are concerned, engineering change is unavoidable. It exists widely in every department of enterprise and involves the whole life cycle of products. It is a very important activity in the production and management of enterprises. Engineering change not only brings a certain benefit to the enterprise but also may cause some losses to the enterprise. How to accurately measure the advantages and disadvantages of the change and make the correct change decision is an important research content in the engineering change management. From the angle of change impact assessment, this paper puts forward a relatively perfect theoretical system of engineering change impact assessment, which can quantitatively evaluate the possible benefits and losses caused by the change as well as the risks existing in the change. A comprehensive evaluation result is obtained, which can be used as a reference for change decision-making. Firstly, the basic theory of engineering change impact assessment is deeply studied, the existing methods and principles of comprehensive evaluation are summarized, and the key technologies of engineering change evaluation are determined. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced into the evaluation of changes. Through this method, the decision-making thinking of the complex system can be hierarchical and the qualitative and quantitative factors in the decision-making process can be combined organically. The subjective judgment of human being is expressed in the form of quantity, so as to make it organized and scientific, so as to avoid the contradiction between weight prediction and actual situation due to the subjectivity of human being, and improve the validity and accuracy of decision-making. Secondly, the evaluation factors of engineering change in manufacturing enterprises are analyzed, and the evaluation method of evaluation index system is put forward from three aspects: cost, benefit and risk. In the aspect of cost evaluation, the composition of cost in the process of change is analyzed, and the detailed calculation formula is given, and the method of estimating product cost after change by using similar cost method combined with exponential smoothing method on the basis of product historical cost base is put forward. A formula for calculating the total cost is presented. In the aspect of benefit and risk evaluation, the method of calculating the index weight of changing benefit and risk factor by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is put forward, and the evaluation index value is calculated by expert scoring method. On this basis, the paper puts forward the calculation formula of converting the evaluation value of benefit and risk into currency equivalent, and synthesizes the evaluation results of three kinds of evaluation factors into one final evaluation value, which serves as a reference basis for decision-making. Finally, a computer-aided engineering change evaluation system is designed on the basis of theoretical research. The system can help the change evaluators to complete the evaluation work accurately and efficiently. This paper analyzes the functional requirements and development environment of the system, introduces in detail the functional modules and workflow of the system, designs the working interface of the system and realizes the key computing functional modules.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH186;F224;F406
本文編號：2468001
[Abstract]:As far as modern manufacturing enterprises are concerned, engineering change is unavoidable. It exists widely in every department of enterprise and involves the whole life cycle of products. It is a very important activity in the production and management of enterprises. Engineering change not only brings a certain benefit to the enterprise but also may cause some losses to the enterprise. How to accurately measure the advantages and disadvantages of the change and make the correct change decision is an important research content in the engineering change management. From the angle of change impact assessment, this paper puts forward a relatively perfect theoretical system of engineering change impact assessment, which can quantitatively evaluate the possible benefits and losses caused by the change as well as the risks existing in the change. A comprehensive evaluation result is obtained, which can be used as a reference for change decision-making. Firstly, the basic theory of engineering change impact assessment is deeply studied, the existing methods and principles of comprehensive evaluation are summarized, and the key technologies of engineering change evaluation are determined. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced into the evaluation of changes. Through this method, the decision-making thinking of the complex system can be hierarchical and the qualitative and quantitative factors in the decision-making process can be combined organically. The subjective judgment of human being is expressed in the form of quantity, so as to make it organized and scientific, so as to avoid the contradiction between weight prediction and actual situation due to the subjectivity of human being, and improve the validity and accuracy of decision-making. Secondly, the evaluation factors of engineering change in manufacturing enterprises are analyzed, and the evaluation method of evaluation index system is put forward from three aspects: cost, benefit and risk. In the aspect of cost evaluation, the composition of cost in the process of change is analyzed, and the detailed calculation formula is given, and the method of estimating product cost after change by using similar cost method combined with exponential smoothing method on the basis of product historical cost base is put forward. A formula for calculating the total cost is presented. In the aspect of benefit and risk evaluation, the method of calculating the index weight of changing benefit and risk factor by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is put forward, and the evaluation index value is calculated by expert scoring method. On this basis, the paper puts forward the calculation formula of converting the evaluation value of benefit and risk into currency equivalent, and synthesizes the evaluation results of three kinds of evaluation factors into one final evaluation value, which serves as a reference basis for decision-making. Finally, a computer-aided engineering change evaluation system is designed on the basis of theoretical research. The system can help the change evaluators to complete the evaluation work accurately and efficiently. This paper analyzes the functional requirements and development environment of the system, introduces in detail the functional modules and workflow of the system, designs the working interface of the system and realizes the key computing functional modules.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH186;F224;F406
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