【摘要】：由于設(shè)計參數(shù)的需求,不可避免要在壓力容器外壁上開設(shè)各樣的大開孔,大開孔的補強設(shè)計超出了一般設(shè)計規(guī)范的適用范圍,就只能依靠經(jīng)驗或者是實驗研究,進行對比分析,所以設(shè)備的可靠性和安全性往往得不到保證。然而以有限單元法為手段而進行應(yīng)力分析不失為一種很好的設(shè)計方法,尤其對于產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,其節(jié)約設(shè)計成本、縮短設(shè)計周期等效果十分顯著,近十多年來為廣大設(shè)計工作者所青睞。 本文遵循應(yīng)力分析設(shè)計方法的原則(彈性應(yīng)力分析和塑性失效準則),采用三維實體有限元方法,應(yīng)用ANSYS軟件,對大型薄壁大開孔壓力容器的平齊式接管補強結(jié)構(gòu)進行了應(yīng)力分析,旨在為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計提供有效的參考依據(jù)。文中建立了大型薄壁壓力容器的三維有限元模型,為了考察一些變量的作用,進行了一系列彈性應(yīng)力分析,確定了應(yīng)力分布特點,得出了一些一般性的結(jié)論。 大開孔接管的局部會產(chǎn)生很高的應(yīng)力,使用有限元方法設(shè)計比壓力面積法更偏于安全和可靠,所以最好先采用有限單元法對大開孔補強區(qū)進行應(yīng)力分析,然后按照分析設(shè)計的理論進行安全評定,進而設(shè)計出滿足補強要求的結(jié)構(gòu)。經(jīng)有限元方法驗證,使用壓力面積法設(shè)計大開孔時要留一定的補強面積余量,才能保證結(jié)構(gòu)安全且經(jīng)濟;通過對比一系列殼體和接管壁厚比不同的有限元模型的計算結(jié)果,確定了厚度比對應(yīng)力的影響關(guān)系,從而推斷出合理的厚度比的取值范圍。
[Abstract]:Due to the demand of design parameters, it is inevitable to set up all kinds of large openings on the outer wall of pressure vessels. The reinforcement design of large openings is beyond the scope of application of the general design code, so it can only rely on experience or experimental research for comparative analysis. Therefore, the reliability and safety of the equipment are often not guaranteed. However, using the finite element method as a means of stress analysis is a very good design method, especially for the structural design of the product, it can save the design cost and shorten the design cycle, and so on. In the past ten years, it has been favored by designers. In this paper, the principle of stress analysis and design method (elastic stress analysis and plastic failure criterion) is followed. Three-dimensional solid finite element method is adopted and ANSYS software is used. In this paper, the stress analysis of the flat pipe reinforcement structure of large thin-walled and large-opening pressure vessel is carried out in order to provide an effective reference for the product design. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of a large thin-walled pressure vessel is established. In order to investigate the role of some variables, a series of elastic stress analysis is carried out, the stress distribution characteristics are determined, and some general conclusions are drawn. The finite element method is more safe and reliable than the pressure area method, so it is better to use the finite element method to analyze the stress in the reinforcement zone of the large opening, and the finite element method is better than the pressure area method. Then the safety assessment is carried out according to the theory of analysis and design, and then the structure to meet the requirements of reinforcement is designed. Through the finite element method verification, when the pressure area method is used to design the large opening, it is necessary to leave a certain amount of reinforcement area allowance to ensure the safety and economy of the structure. By comparing the calculation results of a series of finite element models with different thickness ratios of shell and nozzle, the relationship between thickness ratio and stress is determined, and the reasonable range of thickness ratio is deduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH49

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本文編號：2442589