【摘要】：激冷氣壓縮機(jī)屬于單級(jí)懸臂式離心壓縮機(jī),是甲醇裝置中的核心設(shè)備。此類壓縮機(jī)雖有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也有其本身難以消除的缺點(diǎn),如不適用于氣量小的場合、穩(wěn)定工況區(qū)較窄、易喘振等等。因此,為激冷氣壓縮機(jī)配套的控制系統(tǒng)必須能使該壓縮機(jī)組安全穩(wěn)定地運(yùn)行,并最好地發(fā)揮壓縮機(jī)的性能,使壓縮機(jī)在最節(jié)能的條件下工作,為用戶創(chuàng)造最大的效益。 本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)在分析了離心壓縮機(jī)的工作原理、性能曲線和管網(wǎng)特性的基礎(chǔ)之上,對其自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的組成原理和功能設(shè)計(jì),特別是防喘振控制問題進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)的闡述。 (2)以某廠激冷氣壓縮機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)為研究對象,提出了壓縮機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)思想。分析了控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)有的功能需求,確定了系統(tǒng)要達(dá)到的性能指標(biāo)。并根據(jù)系統(tǒng)所應(yīng)用的場合對供電系統(tǒng)、本安系統(tǒng)及控制柜布置進(jìn)行了明確的設(shè)計(jì)。 (3)以上位工控機(jī)、三重化冗余PLC和以太網(wǎng)為架構(gòu)進(jìn)行控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì),綜合分析工藝流程進(jìn)行邏輯設(shè)計(jì)。提出了一套離心壓縮機(jī)綜合控制策略,較全面地考慮了壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行中可能發(fā)生的問題。提出防喘振控制方案。并采用串級(jí)調(diào)速的辦法來保證壓縮機(jī)的負(fù)荷滿足工藝上的要求。 (4)在以上設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上對控制器進(jìn)行功能實(shí)現(xiàn)并列舉重要的程序。在完成功能開發(fā)后對控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面測試,確�？刂葡到y(tǒng)正確性和可用性。整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔、易于維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展、響應(yīng)速度快、控制精確、人機(jī)界面友好,機(jī)組防喘振控制合理,可以有效改善傳統(tǒng)防喘振控制策略造成的能源浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象,具備良好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Excited-air compressor belongs to single stage cantilever centrifugal compressor and is the core equipment in methanol plant. Although this kind of compressor has many advantages, it also has its own shortcomings which are difficult to eliminate, such as not suitable for the situation of small volume of gas, narrow stable working conditions, easy surge and so on. Therefore, the control system for the excitation air compressor must be able to make the compressor run safely and stably, and give full play to the performance of the compressor, so that the compressor can work under the most energy saving conditions and create the maximum benefit for the user. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of analyzing the working principle, performance curve and pipe network characteristics of centrifugal compressor, the composition principle and function design of its automatic control system are introduced. Especially, the problem of anti-surge control is discussed systematically. (2) the general design idea of the compressor control system is put forward by taking the control system of the excited air compressor in a factory as the research object. The functional requirements of the control system are analyzed, and the performance index of the control system is determined. According to the application of the system, the layout of power supply system, local safety system and control cabinet are clearly designed. (3) the hardware design of the control system is carried out based on the above industrial computer, triple redundant PLC and Ethernet, and the logic design is carried out by synthetically analyzing the technological process. A comprehensive control strategy for centrifugal compressor is proposed, and the possible problems in compressor operation are considered comprehensively. An anti-surge control scheme is proposed. The method of cascade speed regulation is adopted to ensure that the load of compressor meets the requirements of technology. (4) based on the above design, the controller is implemented and some important programs are listed. Fully test the control system after the function development to ensure the correctness and availability of the control system. The whole control system is simple in structure, easy to maintain and expand, fast in response, accurate in control, friendly in man-machine interface, reasonable in anti-surge control of units, and can effectively improve the energy waste caused by the traditional anti-surge control strategy. It has good application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH452;TP273

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