【摘要】：微循環(huán)潤滑是指潤滑液在摩擦副表面的微循環(huán)，以改善界面膜的應力分布和潤滑特性。本論文基于磁流體中磁粒子的偶極性可在外磁場作用下定向聚集和運動的功能特性及多孔材料的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，研究了與磁流微循環(huán)潤滑控制相關的理論問題及其磁性表面潤滑膜特性；研究是在國家自然科學基金資助下完成。 本文研究了永磁微磁組結(jié)構(gòu)原理及磁流體在外磁場作用下的孔、表效應，構(gòu)建了磁流微循環(huán)潤滑作用機理模型，并以此開展了外控梯度磁場結(jié)構(gòu)設計及其分布形態(tài)研究；揭示了磁流體的黏度μ、磁性顆粒的百分含量m、磁流體的飽和磁化強度Mg和外磁場磁場強度Hm及其分布(%紿m)對潤滑特性（承載力W、摩擦力Fs及其摩擦系數(shù)Cf）的影響規(guī)律。 建立了多孔磁流體輸出模型和微磁組優(yōu)化設計數(shù)學模型，并基于模型分析了摩擦系統(tǒng)的孔結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)分布對其輸出的影響；優(yōu)化設計出可增強磁流輸出能力的微磁組結(jié)構(gòu)；試驗研究了飽和磁化強度和液體黏度與微磁組結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的互耦性；揭示了孔效應對磁流微循環(huán)潤滑控制及其磁膜特性的影響規(guī)律。 為了構(gòu)建摩擦學可控磁極微系統(tǒng)，從理論和試驗方法上探討了磁極（S-S極、N-N極和N-S極）對摩擦表面相互作用的可控性。結(jié)果表明：在環(huán)形工作表面，磁極的合理分布可提高其磁場強度及其梯度，有利于增強磁流微循環(huán)潤滑控制及改善其潤滑性能。 論文在建立的廣義磁流微循環(huán)潤滑模型基礎上，通過仿真分析和摩擦學試驗，研究了外磁場微磁組體積（數(shù)量）及磁距（采用隔磁銅環(huán)體積或數(shù)量來實現(xiàn)）之間的匹配。研究表明：具有環(huán)狀永磁組的摩擦表面，其磁場強度隨磁組體積的增加而增大，隨磁距的增加而減小。通過優(yōu)化微磁組體積與磁距，可設計出合理的表面磁場強度及磁場梯度，從而獲得更穩(wěn)定的潤滑狀態(tài)；研究還表明：通過摩擦配對副與磁組匹配性設計也可獲得具有優(yōu)良潤滑性能的摩擦系統(tǒng)。 為了將理論研究成果推廣到工程中，本文以多孔材料和滑動軸承為典型例，探討了其磁流微循環(huán)潤滑條件下的潤滑特性，從以下兩方面論證了磁流微循環(huán)潤滑控制的工程有效性： (1)通過建立具有低彈性模量多孔材料的滑動軸承磁流微循環(huán)潤滑模型，并以此研究了材料參數(shù)和工況參數(shù)對其潤滑特性的影響規(guī)律，論證了其可明顯地改善邊界混合潤滑，并以此繪制出多孔彈性軸承設計圖譜；拓寬了經(jīng)典Stribeck曲線的工程范圍。 (2)通過對高速滑動軸承的磁流潤滑特性研究，，揭示了外梯度磁場與磁流內(nèi)聚力的耦合機理；論證了在外梯度磁場作用下磁流潤滑可有效地實現(xiàn)軸承旋轉(zhuǎn)項和擠壓項的耦合，從而明顯地改善了磁性軸承的潤滑特性。
[Abstract]:Microcirculation lubrication refers to the microcirculation of lubricating fluid on the surface of friction pair to improve the stress distribution and lubrication characteristics of the interfacial film. This thesis is based on the functional characteristics of directional aggregation and motion of magnetic particles and the structural characteristics of porous materials under the action of external magnetic field. The theoretical problems related to the control of magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication and the characteristics of magnetic surface lubricating film are studied. The research was completed with the aid of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In this paper, the structure principle of permanent magnetic micromagnetic group and the pore and surface effect of magnetic fluid under the action of external magnetic field are studied, and the mechanism model of magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication is constructed, and the structure design and distribution morphology of external control gradient magnetic field are studied. The effects of viscosity 渭, percentage content of magnetic particles, saturation magnetization (Mg) and magnetic field intensity (Hm) of magnetic fluid and its distribution (% m) on the lubricating properties (bearing capacity) of the magnetic fluid are revealed. The influence of friction force Fs and friction coefficient Cf). The output model of porous magnetic fluid and the mathematical model of optimum design of micromagnetic group are established, and the influence of the distribution of pore structure parameters on the output of friction system is analyzed based on the model, and the structure of micromagnetic group which can enhance the output ability of magnetic flow is optimized. The mutual coupling of saturation magnetization and liquid viscosity with the structure parameters of micromagnetic system was studied, and the effect of pore effect on the control of magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication and the characteristics of magnetic film was revealed. In order to construct tribological controllable magnetic pole microsystem, the controllability of magnetic pole (S-S pole, N-N pole and N-S pole) on friction surface interaction is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the magnetic field intensity and its gradient can be increased by the rational distribution of the magnetic pole on the annular working surface, which is beneficial to the enhancement of the magnetic flow microcirculation lubrication control and the improvement of its lubricating performance. On the basis of the generalized magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication model, the matching between the volume (quantity) of the external magnetic field micromagnetic group and the magnetic distance (using the volume or number of magnetic copper ring) is studied by simulation and tribological experiments. The results show that the magnetic field intensity increases with the increase of magnetic volume and decreases with the increase of magnetic distance. By optimizing the volume and the magnetic distance of the micromagnetic group, a reasonable surface magnetic field intensity and magnetic field gradient can be designed to obtain a more stable lubrication state. It is also shown that the friction system with excellent lubricity can be obtained by the design of matching between the pair and the magnetic group. In order to extend the theoretical research results to engineering, the lubrication characteristics of porous materials and sliding bearings under the condition of magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication are discussed in this paper. The engineering effectiveness of magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication control is demonstrated from the following two aspects: (1) the magnetohydrodynamic microcirculation lubrication model of sliding bearings with low elastic modulus porous materials is established. The effects of material parameters and operating conditions on the lubrication characteristics are studied, and the boundary mixed lubrication can be improved obviously, and the design diagram of porous elastic bearings is drawn. The engineering scope of classical Stribeck curve is widened. (2) the coupling mechanism between the external gradient magnetic field and the magnetic flow cohesion is revealed through the study of the magnetic flow lubrication characteristics of the high speed sliding bearing. It is proved that the magnetic fluid lubrication under the action of the external gradient magnetic field can effectively realize the coupling of the rotation term and the extrusion term of the bearing, thus obviously improving the lubrication characteristics of the magnetic bearing.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH117.2

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