【摘要】：裝載機(jī)是工程機(jī)械中的主要設(shè)備，在建筑、道路、礦山、碼頭等生產(chǎn)中起到極重要的作用。裝載機(jī)在長期使用中，疲勞失效是其主要的破壞形式。主減速器作為裝載機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分，其核心部件螺旋錐齒輪受到交變載荷（包括齒根彎曲應(yīng)力和齒面接觸應(yīng)力）的作用。因此主減速器極易出現(xiàn)疲勞失效導(dǎo)致裝載機(jī)不能正常工作。所以，開展對裝載機(jī)主減速器疲勞可靠性的研究對提升裝載機(jī)質(zhì)量檔次、服務(wù)工程實(shí)際具有主要意義。 本文以ZL50輪式裝載機(jī)驅(qū)動橋主減速器為研究對象，采用動力學(xué)測試和有限元分析相結(jié)合的方法對其疲勞可靠性進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： 1）對ZL50輪式裝載機(jī)驅(qū)動橋主減速器進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)測試，得到了扭矩-時間歷程，然后利用梯度門限檢測法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方差檢測法檢測并剔除了測試數(shù)據(jù)中的異常峰值，最后選取載荷歷程極差的5%為門限值剔除了無效幅值。 2）分析了主減速器的主要失效模式，，得出主減速器的主要失效部位在一對螺旋錐齒輪，主要失效原因是齒面接觸疲勞失效和齒根彎曲疲勞失效；對螺旋錐齒輪進(jìn)行了有限元接觸分析，并依據(jù)計算結(jié)果分析了錐齒輪的接觸狀態(tài)以及失效模式，提出在預(yù)估主減速器疲勞可靠度時，應(yīng)主要考慮主從動錐齒輪在單齒嚙合狀態(tài)下的齒面接觸疲勞失效和從動錐齒輪的齒根彎曲疲勞失效。 3）采用雨流法對錐齒輪應(yīng)力-時間歷程計數(shù)得到相應(yīng)的載荷譜數(shù)據(jù)，然后分析了正態(tài)分布、對數(shù)正態(tài)分布、威布爾分布對載荷譜的擬合程度及其對疲勞可靠性的影響。研究表明：選用擬合程度最高的分布函數(shù)對載荷譜進(jìn)行擬合，可以有效減少在預(yù)測結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度時由統(tǒng)計方法造成的誤差。 4）根據(jù)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果計算了主減速器的應(yīng)力分布函數(shù)和強(qiáng)度分布函數(shù)，然后采用應(yīng)力-強(qiáng)度干涉模型估算了主減速器的疲勞可靠度，最后依據(jù)Miner線性疲勞累積損傷理論估算了錐齒輪的疲勞壽命。 本文來源于浙江省科技廳重大科技專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目（2009C11111）“輪式裝載機(jī)驅(qū)動橋關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與產(chǎn)業(yè)化”。
[Abstract]:Loader is the main equipment in construction machinery. It plays an important role in construction, road, mine, wharf and so on. Fatigue failure is the main failure form of loaders in long-term use. As a key part of the drive system of loader, the main reducer, the spiral bevel gear, is subjected to alternating load (including tooth root bending stress and tooth surface contact stress). Therefore, the main reducer is prone to fatigue failure and the loader can not work properly. Therefore, the research on the fatigue reliability of the main reducer of the loader is of great significance to improve the quality and service engineering of the loader. In this paper, the fatigue reliability of ZL50 wheel loader drive axle main reducer is studied by means of dynamic test and finite element analysis. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) the dynamic test of the main reducer of the drive axle of the ZL50 wheel loader is carried out, and the torque-time history is obtained. Then gradient threshold detection method and standard variance detection method are used to detect and eliminate the abnormal peak value in the test data. Finally, the invalid amplitude is eliminated by selecting 5% of the extreme difference of load history as the threshold value. 2) the main failure modes of the main reducer are analyzed. The main failure part of the main reducer is a pair of spiral bevel gears. The main failure reasons are tooth surface contact fatigue failure and tooth root bending fatigue failure. The finite element contact analysis of spiral bevel gear is carried out, and the contact state and failure mode of the bevel gear are analyzed according to the calculated results, and the fatigue reliability of the main reducer is estimated. The tooth surface contact fatigue failure of the main driven bevel gear and the bending fatigue failure of the tooth root of the driven bevel gear under the condition of single tooth meshing should be considered. 3) the bevel gear stress-time history was counted by rain flow method to obtain the corresponding load spectrum data, and then the fitting degree of normal distribution, logarithmic normal distribution and Weibull distribution on the load spectrum and its influence on fatigue reliability were analyzed. The results show that fitting the load spectrum with the distribution function with the highest fitting degree can effectively reduce the error caused by the statistical method in predicting the structural reliability. 4) according to the statistical results, the stress distribution function and the strength distribution function of the main reducer are calculated, and the fatigue reliability of the main reducer is estimated by using the stress-strength interference model. Finally, the fatigue life of bevel gear is estimated based on Miner linear fatigue cumulative damage theory. This paper comes from the important Science and Technology Project (2009C11111) of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department, "Research and industrialization of key Technology of Wheel Loader Drive Axle".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH243

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