發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-05 07:22

【摘要】：起重機(jī)在工作過程中的動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)問題是起重機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究的一項(xiàng)重要課題。隨著機(jī)械工程的迅速發(fā)展,龍門起重機(jī)的需求不斷增長(zhǎng),其在工作過程中產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)問題成為一個(gè)不容忽視的問題。國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于龍門起重機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)問題方面的研究雖然已經(jīng)做了很多工作,但是結(jié)合梁理論進(jìn)行起重機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)方面的研究較少,在這些方面還有很多問題亟待進(jìn)一步研究。 本文以龍門起重機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,分別基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理論和Timoshenko粱理論,結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)力學(xué)、數(shù)值分析方法及有限元法等相關(guān)理論,系統(tǒng)地研究了主梁-小車耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)以及門架-小車-吊重耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性。同時(shí),借助于動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件,對(duì)起重機(jī)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析。研究的主要內(nèi)容包括： (1)基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理論,忽略梁的橫向剪切變形,建立龍門起重機(jī)主梁-小車的耦合系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)模型,并推導(dǎo)出系統(tǒng)的耦合振動(dòng)微分方程,利用數(shù)值方法進(jìn)行求解,并得出了主梁與小車耦合系統(tǒng)的固有頻率隨小車在主梁上的相對(duì)位置改變的變化規(guī)律。 (2)根據(jù)Lagrange方程建立了小車吊重系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,對(duì)影響吊重偏擺的因素進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)龍門起重機(jī)實(shí)際工作情況建立了龍門起重機(jī)門架-小車-吊重系統(tǒng)的耦合振動(dòng)模型�？紤]梁的剪切變形和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)效應(yīng),基于Timoshenko梁理論建立耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)微分方程。通過有限元法得到龍門起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)所需的各階模態(tài),并將其代入系統(tǒng)的耦合振動(dòng)方程,并運(yùn)用數(shù)值方法得到耦合系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)微分方程的數(shù)值解,并分析了耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性。 (3)運(yùn)用CAD軟件SolidWorks建立龍門起重機(jī)的三維實(shí)體模型,并通過導(dǎo)入有限元分析軟件ALGOR,對(duì)龍門起重機(jī)作了動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析,得到了小車處于主梁不同的位置時(shí)整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的固有頻率和振型,并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。同時(shí),將實(shí)體建模與梁?jiǎn)卧５慕Y(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。通過ALGOR非線性材料運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析,進(jìn)行了龍門起重機(jī)的剛?cè)狁詈线\(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析,得出了小車運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)主梁的響應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The dynamic response of crane in the working process is an important subject in the research of crane dynamics. With the rapid development of mechanical engineering, the demand of gantry crane is increasing, and the vibration of gantry crane has become a problem that can not be ignored. Although much work has been done on the dynamics of gantry cranes at home and abroad, there are few researches on crane dynamics based on beam theory, and there are still many problems to be further studied. This paper takes gantry crane as the research object, based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory, combined with structural vibration dynamics, numerical analysis method and finite element method and other related theories. The vibration characteristics of the coupling vibration system between the main beam and the trolley and the gantry-trolley-crane coupling vibration system are systematically studied in this paper. At the same time, with the help of dynamic simulation software, the dynamic simulation analysis of crane is carried out. The main contents are as follows: (1) based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and ignoring the transverse shear deformation of the beam, the vibration model of the coupling system between the main girder and the trolley of the gantry crane is established, and the differential equation of the coupling vibration of the system is derived. The numerical method is used to solve the problem, and the variation of the natural frequency of the coupling system between the main beam and the trolley with the relative position of the vehicle on the main beam is obtained. (2) based on the Lagrange equation, the dynamic equations of the lifting system are established, and the factors affecting the lifting deflection are analyzed. The coupled vibration model of gantry crane gantry-trolley-crane system is established according to the actual working conditions of gantry crane. Considering the shear deformation and rotational effect of beam, the differential equation of coupled vibration system is established based on Timoshenko beam theory. The modes of gantry crane structure are obtained by finite element method, and the coupled vibration equation of the system is replaced by the finite element method. The numerical solution of the differential equation of vibration of the coupled system is obtained by using the numerical method. The vibration characteristics of the coupled vibration system are analyzed. (3) the three-dimensional solid model of gantry crane is established by using CAD software SolidWorks, and the dynamic simulation analysis of gantry crane is made by introducing the finite element analysis software ALGOR,. The natural frequencies and modes of the whole structure are obtained when the car is in different positions of the main beam, and the results are analyzed. At the same time, the results of solid modeling and beam element modeling are compared and analyzed. The rigid-flexible coupling motion of gantry crane is simulated by ALGOR nonlinear material motion simulation, and the response of the main beam is obtained when the trolley is moving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.5

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本文編號(hào)：2401469