【摘要】：滾動(dòng)軸承是旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的機(jī)械部件,同時(shí)也是最容易損壞的部件之一。因此,對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械滾動(dòng)軸承故障的診斷與預(yù)報(bào)對(duì)于旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械安全高效運(yùn)行、變革維修體制等方面都具有非常重要的意義。 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械滾動(dòng)軸承故障的診斷與預(yù)報(bào)方法一般將傳感器安裝在離振源較近的軸承座上,由于受具體結(jié)構(gòu)與工況的限制,有時(shí)傳感器安裝困難,而且通用性較差。由于振動(dòng)的傳遞特性,故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)將會(huì)傳遞到基座上,而在基座上安裝傳感器具有安裝方便、通用性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本論文研究轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)中基座對(duì)故障滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特性,為實(shí)現(xiàn)將傳感器安裝在基座上診斷出旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械滾動(dòng)軸承故障提供理論基礎(chǔ)。 本文從振動(dòng)機(jī)理、有限元分析以及實(shí)驗(yàn)分析三個(gè)方面展開(kāi)研究,分析了基座對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)。主要的研究工作有: 1.理論分析滾動(dòng)軸承的故障機(jī)理。詳細(xì)論述了滾動(dòng)軸承的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、振動(dòng)機(jī)理、主要失效形式,探討了滾動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)圈故障、外圈故障、滾動(dòng)體故障三種典型故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)的特征頻率。 2.對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-滾動(dòng)軸承-基座系統(tǒng)進(jìn)有限元態(tài)分析。以Spectra Quest公司的綜合故障模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)為對(duì)象,建立了轉(zhuǎn)子-滾動(dòng)軸承-基座系統(tǒng),利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部件和整個(gè)系統(tǒng)分別進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,求解出其相應(yīng)的固有頻率和模態(tài);在轉(zhuǎn)子-滾動(dòng)軸承-基座系統(tǒng)模態(tài)分析結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析,得出基座上安裝傳感器的理想位置。 3.從實(shí)驗(yàn)的角度分析故障滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)特性在基座上的響應(yīng)情況。在綜合故障模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了不同滾動(dòng)軸承故障類型、轉(zhuǎn)速及負(fù)載的多種工況下的滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),從頻率特征量和時(shí)域統(tǒng)計(jì)量?jī)蓚�(gè)方面研究了基座對(duì)故障滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)響應(yīng),分析了不同工況下故障滾動(dòng)軸承的基座頻率響應(yīng),從實(shí)驗(yàn)角度分析了轉(zhuǎn)子-滾動(dòng)軸承-基座系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-滾動(dòng)軸承-基座系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行振動(dòng)分析,研究了基座對(duì)軸承故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)的響應(yīng),為尋找基于基座的滾動(dòng)軸承狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)與故障診斷的有效方法奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is one of the most widely used parts in rotor system of rotating machinery and is also one of the most easily damaged parts. Therefore, the diagnosis and prediction of rolling bearing fault in rotating machinery is of great significance to the safe and efficient operation of rotating machinery and the reform of maintenance system. The method of fault diagnosis and prediction for rolling bearing of rotating machinery is usually to install the sensor on the bearing seat near the vibration source. Due to the limitation of specific structure and working conditions, it is sometimes difficult to install the sensor, and its versatility is poor. Due to the transmission characteristics of vibration, the signal of fault vibration will be transmitted to the base, and the installation of sensors on the base has the advantages of convenient installation and strong versatility. In this paper, the vibration response of the base to the fault rolling bearing in the rotor system is studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the sensor to be installed on the base to diagnose the fault of the rolling bearing of the rotating machinery. In this paper, the vibration mechanism, finite element analysis and experimental analysis are studied, and the vibration response of the base to the rolling bearing is analyzed. The main research work is as follows: 1. The fault mechanism of rolling bearing is analyzed theoretically. The basic structure, vibration mechanism and main failure modes of rolling bearing are discussed in detail. The characteristic frequency of vibration signal of inner ring fault, outer ring fault and rolling body fault of rolling bearing are discussed. 2. Finite element analysis of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system is presented. The rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system is established by taking the comprehensive fault simulation test bench of Spectra Quest Company as the object. The modal analysis of the rotating parts and the whole system is carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The corresponding natural frequencies and modes are obtained. Based on the modal analysis results of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system, the harmonic response of the system is analyzed, and the ideal position of sensor installed on the base is obtained. 3. From the point of view of experiment, the response of vibration characteristics of fault rolling bearing on the base is analyzed. The vibration test experiments of rolling bearing under different fault types, speed and load were carried out on the comprehensive fault simulation bench. The vibration response of the base to the fault rolling bearing is studied from two aspects of frequency characteristic and time domain statistics, and the frequency response of the base of the fault rolling bearing under different working conditions is analyzed. The vibration characteristics of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system are analyzed experimentally. Based on the vibration analysis of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system, the response of base to bearing fault vibration signal is studied in this paper, which lays a foundation for finding an effective method for monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on base.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.33;TH165.3

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本文編號(hào)：2359686