【摘要】：水脹成形和冷彎成形是機(jī)械加工中的兩種成形方式。其中,水脹成形是通過模具,以液體(水、乳化液或油)作為傳力介質(zhì),在無摩擦狀態(tài)下,使空心件或管狀坯料由內(nèi)向外擴(kuò)張的成形方法；其廣泛用于真空杯(不銹鋼、銅、鋁、鐵等材質(zhì))、保溫瓶、水壺以及其他餐具、器皿的加工成形。冷彎成形是采用液壓力進(jìn)行彎曲的彈塑性變形,而船體型材冷彎是一種難度較大的塑性加工。兩種成形方式都是以液壓傳動(dòng)作為機(jī)械設(shè)備的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。因此對(duì)兩種成形方式液壓系統(tǒng)節(jié)能技術(shù)的研究改造工作具有十分重要的意義。 本文首先分析了液壓系統(tǒng)的能量損耗,如：動(dòng)力元件部分的能耗、控制元件部分的能耗、執(zhí)行元件部分的能耗,管道部分的能耗,以及通用的節(jié)能技術(shù),如：提高液壓泵的效率、液壓閥的效率,減少液壓管路壓力損失,減少系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱和泄露等。比較詳細(xì)地介紹了液壓油路塊節(jié)能布置——三維路徑連接法則。 然后分析了水脹成形液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖以及主缸運(yùn)動(dòng)回路的功耗,并對(duì)此回路進(jìn)行了仿真分析。提出了適應(yīng)此主缸運(yùn)動(dòng)液壓回路的節(jié)能方案,如閉式泵控回路、壓力匹配系統(tǒng),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)分析；提出了能量循環(huán)利用回路,將蓄能器單獨(dú)用于回路中和將二次調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)用于回路中,從提高電動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)功率出發(fā),對(duì)其進(jìn)行了單獨(dú)分析和比較。從能量的充分利用和循環(huán)利用方面分析,從電動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)功率最小出發(fā),得出二次調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)是比較理想的節(jié)能方案。 最后介紹了冷彎成形的成形原理以及液壓系統(tǒng)回路組成,分析了應(yīng)用于冷彎成形主彎回路的節(jié)能突破口——功率匹配問題。提出了將負(fù)荷傳感技術(shù)應(yīng)用在主彎回路中。雖然其能使泵的輸出壓力和流量自動(dòng)適應(yīng)負(fù)載的需求,大幅度提高液壓系統(tǒng)效率,但是依然存在一些缺陷；提出了更有效的節(jié)約能源的方法——采用電液比例換向閥,通過控制其輸入電流來驅(qū)動(dòng)閥芯位移,達(dá)到了控制液壓缸的效果,但其壓力損失比較嚴(yán)重；最后采用泵控回路,將電液換向閥和限壓式變量泵應(yīng)用在回路中,這樣可以減少壓力損失,進(jìn)一步提高冷彎回路的工作效率。
[Abstract]:Water forming and cold forming are two kinds of forming methods in machining. Water swelling forming is a forming method in which the hollow parts or tube billets are expanded from inside to outside in the condition of no friction, with liquid (water, emulsion or oil) as the force transfer medium through the die and the liquid (water, emulsion or oil) as the force transfer medium. It is widely used in vacuum cup (stainless steel, copper, aluminum, iron and other materials), thermos, kettle and other tableware, utensils processing forming. Cold forming is a kind of elastoplastic deformation with hydraulic force, and cold bending of hull is a kind of difficult plastic processing. The two forming methods are hydraulic transmission as the power transmission system of mechanical equipment. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and transform the two forms of hydraulic system energy saving technology. This paper first analyzes the energy loss of hydraulic system, such as the energy consumption of the power component, the energy consumption of the control component, the energy consumption of the executive component, the energy consumption of the pipeline, and the general energy saving technology. Such as: improve the efficiency of hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve efficiency, reduce hydraulic pipeline pressure loss, reduce system heating and leakage. The energy saving arrangement of hydraulic oil block-three-dimensional path connection rule is introduced in detail. Then, the principle diagram of hydraulic system and the power consumption of the main cylinder motion loop are analyzed, and the simulation analysis of this circuit is carried out. An energy saving scheme suitable for this main cylinder moving hydraulic circuit is put forward, such as closed pump control circuit, pressure matching system, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The energy recycle circuit is put forward, the accumulator is used separately in the circuit and the secondary regulation technology is used in the circuit. In order to improve the driving power of the motor, the separate analysis and comparison are made. Based on the analysis of the full utilization of energy and the recycle utilization, from the point of view of the minimum driving power of the motor, it is concluded that the secondary regulation technology is an ideal energy saving scheme. Finally, the forming principle of cold forming and the composition of hydraulic system loop are introduced, and the energy saving breakthrough of the main bending loop in cold forming is analyzed, which is the power matching problem. The application of load sensing technology in the main bending loop is presented. Although it can make the pump output pressure and flow automatically adapt to the demand of load, greatly improve the efficiency of hydraulic system, but there are still some defects; In this paper, a more effective energy saving method is put forward, that is, the electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve is used to drive the displacement of the valve core by controlling its input current, which achieves the effect of controlling the hydraulic cylinder, but the pressure loss is serious. Finally, by using pump control circuit, the electro-hydraulic reversing valve and the pressure limiting variable pump are applied in the loop, which can reduce the pressure loss and further improve the working efficiency of the cold bending loop.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH137

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