【摘要】：近年來,隨著超精密加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對于軸承的運動精度、轉(zhuǎn)速以及剛度等參數(shù)提出了更高的要求。氣體靜壓軸承憑借其運動精度高、污染小、壽命長等優(yōu)點,被廣泛地應(yīng)用于超精密機(jī)床中,并取得了良好的效果。本文研究了一種使用于超精密加工機(jī)床中的徑向推力聯(lián)合氣體靜壓軸承,使用計算流體力學(xué)軟件對這種軸承的靜、動態(tài)性能進(jìn)行了仿真,并通過實驗的方法對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗證。 本文建立了徑向推力聯(lián)合氣體靜壓軸承內(nèi)部氣膜的模型,并對其進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,將網(wǎng)格文件導(dǎo)入到Fluent軟件中進(jìn)行計算,得到了軸承氣膜中壓強(qiáng)以及氣體流速的分布情況。然后分別對軸承的軸向靜態(tài)性能以及扭轉(zhuǎn)靜態(tài)性能進(jìn)行了研究,通過計算得到了主軸偏移量、偏轉(zhuǎn)角變化時軸承的承載能力、扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩、軸向靜剛度、角剛度以及軸承耗氣量等靜態(tài)參數(shù),并進(jìn)一步分析了供氣壓強(qiáng)、節(jié)流孔數(shù)量以及節(jié)流孔直徑對軸承靜態(tài)性能的影響,得到了一些規(guī)律性的結(jié)論。 然后對于本文研究的軸承進(jìn)行了實驗研究,通過實驗測定了該軸承的軸向靜態(tài)剛度,實驗結(jié)果與仿真計算的結(jié)果誤差小于3%,這說明了使用這種模型對軸承進(jìn)行仿真所得到的結(jié)果是可信的。 最后對于該軸承的軸向動態(tài)性能進(jìn)行了初步的研究,使用動網(wǎng)格技術(shù)模擬了主軸對于階躍信號的響應(yīng)情況,得到了主軸運動過程中軸承軸向動態(tài)剛度的變化情況,分析了氣體靜壓軸承軸向動剛度與靜剛度之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of ultra-precision machining technology, the motion accuracy, rotational speed and stiffness of bearings are required to be higher. The aerostatic bearing has been widely used in ultra-precision machine tools with its advantages of high precision, low pollution and long life, and good results have been obtained. In this paper, a radial thrust combined aerostatic bearing used in ultra-precision machining machine tools is studied. The static and dynamic properties of the bearing are simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The simulation results are verified by the method of experiment. In this paper, the internal film model of radial thrust combined gas hydrostatic bearing is established, and it is meshed. The grid file is imported into Fluent software to calculate, and the distribution of pressure and gas velocity in the bearing film is obtained. Then the axial static performance and torsional static performance of the bearing are studied, and the bearing capacity, torsional moment, axial static stiffness of the bearing when the deflection angle changes are calculated. The static parameters such as angular stiffness and bearing air consumption are analyzed. The influences of air supply pressure, throttle hole number and throttle diameter on the static performance of the bearing are analyzed, and some regular conclusions are obtained. The axial static stiffness of the bearing is measured by experiment. The error between the experimental results and the simulation results is less than 3. This shows that the simulation results obtained by using this model are credible. Finally, the axial dynamic performance of the bearing is studied preliminarily. The response of the spindle to the step signal is simulated by using the dynamic grid technology, and the change of the axial dynamic stiffness of the bearing in the course of the spindle motion is obtained. The relationship between axial dynamic stiffness and static stiffness of aerostatic bearing is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH133.36

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本文編號：2326773