發(fā)布時間：2018-11-06 08:58

【摘要】：隨著科技的高速進步，渦輪增壓器已經(jīng)在汽車、船舶等領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。滑動軸承作為渦輪增壓器轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵零部件之一，已經(jīng)成為提高渦輪增壓器效率、減少燃油消耗、提高運行可靠性的一個非常重要的制約影響因素。由于整個渦輪增壓器工作于高速、高溫等復(fù)雜的運行工況以及惡劣的運行環(huán)境，高速動靜壓止推軸承憑借其良好的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能，成為了船用渦輪增壓器滑動軸承合適的選擇�？紤]到目前國內(nèi)還沒有形成一個較為完善的船用渦輪增壓器高速動靜壓止推軸承的設(shè)計規(guī)范。論文將某個型號的船用渦輪增壓器高速動靜壓止推軸承作為具體研究對象，開展了動靜壓止推軸承相關(guān)的總體設(shè)計方法研究及其仿真分析，為動靜壓止推軸承的設(shè)計提供了一定的技術(shù)支撐。 首先，對動壓軸承、靜壓軸承以及動靜壓軸承的基本原理、基本結(jié)構(gòu)等進行了研究和分析，結(jié)合動壓為主、靜壓為輔的實際工作情況，提出了動靜壓軸承設(shè)計的主要方面，包括設(shè)計的軸承表面可產(chǎn)生動壓效應(yīng)以及一個具有恒定壓力進口壓強的壓強輸入設(shè)置。 其次，參考低速止推軸承的設(shè)計流程和設(shè)計規(guī)范，在理論分析的角度上，，建立了一種高速動壓止推軸承的基本設(shè)計流程，包括高速動壓止推軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、材料、潤滑油等的選取以及其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和承載能力的計算。 再次，根據(jù)理論分析設(shè)計出的高速動壓止推軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡化得到油膜三維模型。利用Gambit對油膜三維模型進行前處理，進入Fluent中進行求解，并進行靜特性結(jié)果分析。將其中完全端泄條件下的油膜模型的動壓效應(yīng)的數(shù)值模擬仿真結(jié)果與動壓止推軸承理論分析所得的結(jié)果進行對比，忽略一些客觀因素的影響，可以證明本文建立的油膜模型的可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，考慮靜壓效應(yīng)的影響，從而實現(xiàn)了動靜壓止推軸承油膜的仿真和分析。在兩種不同條件下，通過仿真分析的方式證明了高速動靜止推壓軸承的動靜壓混合效應(yīng)是由動壓效應(yīng)和靜壓效應(yīng)耦合而成，其動壓效應(yīng)和靜壓效應(yīng)是相互影響的。 最后，通過仿真不同軸承結(jié)構(gòu)條件下的簡化油膜模型，將得到的油膜的平均壓強、摩擦功耗、摩擦系數(shù)、體積流率、最高溫度等指標進行對比，綜合考慮這幾項指標，從而可以進一步實現(xiàn)對高速動靜壓止推軸承基本結(jié)構(gòu)的研究和優(yōu)化設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, turbocharger has been widely used in automobile, ship and other fields. As one of the key parts of turbocharger rotor system, sliding bearing has become a very important restricting factor to improve turbocharger efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and improve operational reliability. Because the whole turbocharger works at high speed, high temperature and other complex operating conditions and bad operating environment, high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing has become the suitable choice for marine turbocharger sliding bearing because of its good structure and performance. Considering that there is not a perfect design code for high speed hydrostatic thrust bearings of marine turbocharger in China. In this paper, a certain type of high-speed hydrostatic thrust bearing of marine turbocharger is taken as the specific research object, and the overall design method and simulation analysis of the hydrostatic thrust bearing are carried out. It provides certain technical support for the design of static and static thrust bearing. First of all, the basic principle and structure of hydrodynamic bearing, hydrostatic bearing and hydrostatic bearing are studied and analyzed. Combined with the actual working conditions of hydrodynamic bearing, hydrostatic bearing and hydrostatic bearing, the main aspects of the design of hydrostatic bearing are put forward. The designed bearing surface can produce dynamic pressure effect and a pressure input setting with constant pressure inlet pressure. Secondly, referring to the design flow and design specification of low-speed thrust bearing, a basic design flow of high-speed dynamic thrust bearing is established from the angle of theoretical analysis, including the structure form and material of high-speed dynamic thrust bearing. Selection of lubricating oil and calculation of its structural parameters and bearing capacity. Thirdly, the structure of high speed hydrodynamic thrust bearing is designed according to theoretical analysis, and the three dimensional model of oil film is simplified. The three-dimensional model of oil film was preprocessed by Gambit and solved in Fluent, and the static characteristics of the model were analyzed. The numerical simulation results of the dynamic pressure effect of the oil film model under the condition of complete end discharge are compared with the results obtained from the theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic thrust bearing, and some objective factors are ignored. The feasibility of the oil film model established in this paper can be proved. On this basis, considering the influence of static pressure effect, the simulation and analysis of oil film of static and static thrust bearing are realized. Under two different conditions, it is proved by simulation analysis that the mixing effect of dynamic and static pressure of high speed static thrust bearing is formed by coupling of dynamic pressure effect and static pressure effect, and its dynamic pressure effect and static pressure effect are mutual influence. Finally, by simulating the simplified oil film model under different bearing structure conditions, the average pressure, friction power consumption, friction coefficient, volume flow rate and maximum temperature of the obtained oil film are compared, and these indexes are considered synthetically. Thus, the basic structure of high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing can be studied and optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH133.3

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