【摘要】：塔機(jī)是一種常見的起重機(jī)械,常用于造船、建筑等場合。塔機(jī)的使用可以大大提高工人的工作效率。為了應(yīng)對現(xiàn)在建筑業(yè)對塔機(jī)性能要求的提高,塔機(jī)趨于大型化。塔機(jī)的大型化給建筑業(yè)帶來了更大的便利,但同時塔機(jī)的安全性問題也更加凸顯。而從以往的塔機(jī)事故數(shù)據(jù)來看,塔機(jī)頂升機(jī)構(gòu)故障造成的事故最多,后果最嚴(yán)重。塔機(jī)的頂升機(jī)構(gòu)是塔機(jī)的重要組成部分,它可以使塔機(jī)隨建筑物一起升高,以實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑材料的垂直升降。頂升機(jī)構(gòu)的液壓系統(tǒng)是其動力源和控制源,液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性直接影響頂升機(jī)構(gòu)甚至整機(jī)的可靠性、安全性。對頂升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行合理的可靠性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),可以有效的提高塔機(jī)的安全性,避免事故發(fā)生。 本文以某型號塔機(jī)為例,通過對其頂升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)各部分作用及故障類型、原因、后果的研究分析,得到液壓系統(tǒng)的故障樹模型。對液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行可靠性仿真,判斷其可靠性是否滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。然后又對液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了基于可用度的預(yù)防維修策略的仿真,得出了基于可用度的預(yù)防維修策略,既提高塔機(jī)頂升系統(tǒng)的安全性,又能夠保證其較高的可用度。最后采用簡化設(shè)計(jì)、降額設(shè)計(jì)、冗余設(shè)計(jì)、集成設(shè)計(jì)、容錯設(shè)計(jì)等幾種可靠性設(shè)計(jì)方法對液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行可靠性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),通過對可靠性、可用度、維修策略的綜合考慮,確定液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性優(yōu)化方案,并驗(yàn)證液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性優(yōu)化效果。 本文的研究內(nèi)容與實(shí)際項(xiàng)目相結(jié)合,制定塔機(jī)頂升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)可靠性設(shè)計(jì)方案,該方案運(yùn)用到實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中,通過合理的可靠性設(shè)計(jì),提高塔機(jī)頂升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性,確定可用度優(yōu)先的預(yù)防維修策略,可以提高頂升機(jī)構(gòu)的安全性。
[Abstract]:Tower crane is a common lifting machinery, often used in shipbuilding, construction and other occasions. The use of tower cranes can greatly improve the working efficiency of workers. In order to meet the requirements of the building industry for tower crane performance, tower crane tends to be large. The large-scale tower crane brings more convenience to the construction industry, but at the same time, the safety problem of tower crane is more prominent. According to the previous data of tower crane accidents, the accidents caused by failures of tower crane lifting mechanism are the most serious. The lifting mechanism of the tower crane is an important part of the tower crane. It can make the tower crane rise with the building to realize the vertical lifting of building materials. The hydraulic system of the lifting mechanism is its power source and control source. The reliability of the hydraulic system directly affects the reliability and safety of the lifting mechanism and even the whole machine. Reasonable reliability optimization design of hydraulic system of lifting mechanism can effectively improve the safety of tower crane and avoid accidents. Taking a certain type of tower crane as an example, the fault tree model of hydraulic system is obtained by studying and analyzing the function, fault types, causes and consequences of each part of hydraulic system of lifting mechanism. The reliability of hydraulic system is simulated to determine whether its reliability meets the design requirements. Then the preventive maintenance strategy based on availability of hydraulic system is simulated, and the preventive maintenance strategy based on availability is obtained, which not only improves the safety of tower crane lifting system, but also ensures its high availability. Finally, several reliability design methods, such as simplified design, reduction design, redundant design, integrated design, fault-tolerant design and so on, are used to optimize the reliability of hydraulic system. The reliability, availability and maintenance strategy are considered synthetically. The reliability optimization scheme of hydraulic system is determined and the reliability optimization effect of hydraulic system is verified. Combining the research content with the actual project, the reliability design scheme of hydraulic system of tower crane hoisting mechanism is worked out. The scheme is applied to the actual project, and through reasonable reliability design, the reliability of hydraulic system of tower crane hoisting mechanism is improved. The safety of the jacking mechanism can be improved by determining the preventive maintenance strategy of availability priority.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH213.3

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