【摘要】：氣缸作為氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中最常見(jiàn)的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),廣泛應(yīng)用于自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)中。然而,氣缸摩擦力是對(duì)加工質(zhì)量、定位精度以及對(duì)設(shè)備使用壽命產(chǎn)生不良影響的主要原因之一。作為一種新穎的減摩方式,超聲減摩近年來(lái)受到了廣泛的重視與深入的研究。本文將對(duì)橡膠—鋁合金摩擦副間的超聲減摩原理進(jìn)行探究并將其應(yīng)用于氣缸減摩中,以求改善氣缸的靜摩擦特性。 本文建立了平面接觸摩擦副靜摩擦力的物理模型。通過(guò)推導(dǎo)超聲波在鋁合金板上傳播的振動(dòng)方程,討論了其對(duì)平面接觸靜摩擦力的影響。針對(duì)氣缸密封圈與缸筒內(nèi)壁之間的摩擦,建立了超聲振動(dòng)作用于缸筒外壁條件下的物理模型。通過(guò)對(duì)一定氣壓下密封圈形狀的改變及摩擦副間接觸狀態(tài)變化的探討解釋了氣缸在超聲振動(dòng)下的減摩機(jī)理。 運(yùn)用ANSYS對(duì)超聲振動(dòng)下鋁合金平板與氣缸的振型進(jìn)行仿真。超聲波激振下的鋁合金平板或氣缸上各點(diǎn)以駐波的形式在原位置附近做豎直方向的簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng)。同時(shí),與鋁合金平板類(lèi)似,在氣缸上傳播的機(jī)械波各波腹振動(dòng)幅值相仿,分布均勻,且它們的幾何中心處是駐波的波腹之一,具有最大的振動(dòng)幅值。 搭建橡膠/鋁合金摩擦副基礎(chǔ)試驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)超聲振動(dòng)下的橡膠—金屬摩擦副間的最大靜摩擦力與極限位移的研究。橡膠與鋁合金材料間的最大靜摩擦力可以減小為常態(tài)下的23.1%。并且,不論是否加入超聲振動(dòng),橡膠—金屬摩擦副間的最大靜摩擦力隨著法向壓力的增加而增大。增加超聲振動(dòng)的振幅或增大橡膠與金屬板的接觸面積均會(huì)減小最大靜摩擦力與極限位移。 創(chuàng)建氣缸的超聲減摩測(cè)試系統(tǒng),通過(guò)在氣缸外壁引入超聲振動(dòng)的方式大幅度減小了氣缸的最大摩擦力與極限位移。在工況下超聲振動(dòng)的引入可以將氣缸的最大靜摩擦力減小為常態(tài)下的36.3%,將極限位移減小為常態(tài)下的25%。增大激勵(lì)電壓并且使作用于氣缸上的超聲振動(dòng)頻率處于諧振頻率附近均可改善氣缸的靜摩擦特性。
[Abstract]:As the most common actuator in pneumatic system, cylinder is widely used in automatic production. However, cylinder friction is one of the main reasons for the adverse effects on machining quality, positioning accuracy and service life of equipment. As a novel antifriction method, ultrasonic friction reduction has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the principle of ultrasonic friction reduction between rubber and aluminum alloy friction pairs is studied and applied to reduce friction of cylinders in order to improve the static friction characteristics of cylinders. In this paper, the physical model of the static friction force of plane contact friction pair is established. By deducing the vibration equation of ultrasonic wave propagation on aluminum alloy plate, the influence of ultrasonic wave on plane contact static friction is discussed. Aiming at the friction between cylinder sealing ring and cylinder inner wall, the physical model of ultrasonic vibration acting on cylinder outer wall is established. The friction reduction mechanism of cylinder under ultrasonic vibration is explained by discussing the change of seal ring shape and the contact state between friction pairs under certain pressure. The vibration modes of aluminum alloy plate and cylinder under ultrasonic vibration are simulated by ANSYS. The vertical harmonic vibration of the aluminum alloy plate or cylinder is made in the form of standing wave in the vicinity of the original position. At the same time, similar to the aluminum alloy plate, the vibration amplitude of the mechanical wave belly propagated on the cylinder is similar and the distribution is uniform, and their geometric center is one of the standing wave grooves, which has the largest vibration amplitude. A basic testing system for rubber / aluminum alloy friction pairs was built to study the maximum static friction force and ultimate displacement between rubber and metal friction pairs under ultrasonic vibration. The maximum static friction between rubber and aluminum alloy can be reduced to 23.1g under normal condition. Moreover, the maximum static friction force between rubber and metal friction pairs increases with the increase of normal pressure, regardless of whether ultrasonic vibration is added or not. Increasing the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration or increasing the contact area between rubber and metal plate can decrease the maximum static friction force and limit displacement. The ultrasonic friction reduction testing system is established. The maximum friction force and the limit displacement of the cylinder are greatly reduced by introducing ultrasonic vibration into the outside wall of the cylinder. The maximum static friction force of the cylinder can be reduced to 36.3 under normal condition and the limit displacement can be reduced to 25 under normal condition with the introduction of ultrasonic vibration. The static friction characteristics of the cylinder can be improved by increasing the excitation voltage and making the ultrasonic vibration frequency on the cylinder near the resonant frequency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH138.51

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