【摘要】：起重機(jī)作為一種重要的起重機(jī)械，已被應(yīng)用于國民生產(chǎn)的多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。然而起重機(jī)所具有的應(yīng)用范圍廣泛、搬運(yùn)負(fù)載多樣及作業(yè)環(huán)境復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)，，卻使它成為多發(fā)事故的重要源頭之一，因此，起重機(jī)被作為特種設(shè)備加以管理。在特檢機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)或者企業(yè)自檢時(shí)，起重機(jī)制動(dòng)下滑量（起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)從制動(dòng)時(shí)位置點(diǎn)向下滑動(dòng)至完全停止時(shí)位置點(diǎn)間的距離差）都是一項(xiàng)不可或缺的重要檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目。目前，行業(yè)內(nèi)能夠?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行專業(yè)高效檢測的儀器屈指可數(shù)且價(jià)格不菲，而比較常用的一些檢測方法又存在檢測精度、檢測效率及安全可靠性等方面的不足，因此研發(fā)一種兼具安全、高效、智能與高性價(jià)比的起重機(jī)制動(dòng)下滑量智能測試系統(tǒng)具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與社會(huì)價(jià)值。 論文在分析比較常見的幾種起重機(jī)制動(dòng)下滑量檢測方法后，結(jié)合主流起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，提出了一種全新的起重機(jī)制動(dòng)下滑量的測量方法，并驗(yàn)證其可行性。據(jù)此方法設(shè)計(jì)了總的系統(tǒng)方案，主要包括測試儀系統(tǒng)主控裝置、手持控制器、遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)模塊和上位機(jī)四部分。在該系統(tǒng)方案基礎(chǔ)上，從機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、硬件設(shè)計(jì)和軟件設(shè)計(jì)三方面展開論述： 第一，設(shè)計(jì)并加工主控裝置機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二，根據(jù)測量原理與系統(tǒng)性能指標(biāo)，對主控制器、手持控制器、遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)模塊等硬件電路元件選型與設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括傳感器信號(hào)接口電路、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)給定電路、鍵盤顯示電路、無線串口模塊電路等。 第三，系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)分為下位機(jī)與上位機(jī)軟件兩部分：下位機(jī)軟件包括了主控制器的無線數(shù)據(jù)解析與執(zhí)行、激光傳感器信號(hào)判定、下滑量數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算及主機(jī)狀態(tài)顯示與刷新等程序；手持控制器的鍵盤/顯示程序、無線數(shù)據(jù)解析與執(zhí)行及下滑量數(shù)據(jù)與主機(jī)狀態(tài)的顯示與刷新程序等；無線串口模塊的收發(fā)程序等。上位機(jī)軟件由命令控制與數(shù)據(jù)處理兩部分組成，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)手持控制器所有控制功能且能夠進(jìn)行諸如數(shù)據(jù)查詢與報(bào)表生成等操作。 最后，結(jié)合軟硬件對各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行組裝與調(diào)試后，分別在實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬環(huán)境和起重機(jī)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境中進(jìn)行了測試。通過將本系統(tǒng)所測數(shù)據(jù)與特檢院采用的測量方法所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析，表明該系統(tǒng)在測量精度、檢測效率和可靠性都有極大提高，能夠滿足實(shí)際測試需要。系統(tǒng)操作簡單，智能化高，且測試時(shí)能較好的保障測試人員的人身安全。
[Abstract]:As an important crane, crane has been used in many fields produced by Yu Guomin. However, the crane has the characteristics of wide application, diverse handling load and complex working environment, which makes it one of the important sources of frequent accidents. Therefore, the crane is managed as a special equipment. When the special inspection organization supervises the inspection or the enterprise self-inspection, the amount of crane braking gliding (the distance difference between the crane lifting mechanism sliding down from the braking position point to the complete stop point) is an indispensable and important inspection item. At present, there are only a few instruments in the industry that can carry out professional and efficient inspection, and the price is not cheap. However, some commonly used methods of detection have some shortcomings such as precision, efficiency, safety and reliability, etc. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and social value to develop an intelligent measuring system of crane braking sliding quantity with safety, high efficiency, intelligence and high performance and price ratio. In this paper, after analyzing several common methods of measuring the braking glide of cranes, combining with the structural characteristics of the mainstream cranes, a new method of measuring the braking slippage of cranes is put forward, and its feasibility is verified. According to this method, the overall system scheme is designed, including the main control device of the tester system, the handheld controller, the remote braking module and the upper computer. On the basis of the system scheme, the mechanical structure design, the hardware design and the software design are discussed. Firstly, the mechanical structure of the main control device is designed and processed. Secondly, according to the measurement principle and system performance index, the selection and design of main controller, handheld controller, remote braking module and other hardware circuit components, mainly including sensor signal interface circuit, motor drive signal given circuit, Keyboard display circuit, wireless serial module circuit. Thirdly, the software design of the system is divided into two parts: the lower computer software includes the wireless data analysis and execution of the master controller, the laser sensor signal decision, the lower computer software includes the wireless data analysis and execution of the master controller, Programs such as calculation of slippage data and display and refresh of host state, keyboard / display program of handheld controller, wireless data analysis and execution, display and refresh program of slippage data and host state, etc. Wireless serial module transceiver program. The upper computer software is composed of command control and data processing. It can realize all the control functions of the handheld controller and can perform operations such as data query and report generation. Finally, each module is assembled and debugged with software and hardware, and tested in laboratory simulation environment and crane field environment. By comparing the data measured by the system with the data obtained by the special inspection institute, it is shown that the measurement accuracy, detection efficiency and reliability of the system are greatly improved, and the system can meet the needs of practical testing. The system is simple in operation, high in intelligence and can ensure the personal safety of the tester.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH21

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