煤化工用離心式壓縮機(jī)自動控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 08:01
【摘要】：煤炭是中國的主要化石能源,也是許多重要化工品的主要原料,隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)、高速發(fā)展,近年來中國能源、化工品的需求也出現(xiàn)較高的增長速度,煤化工在中國能源、化工領(lǐng)域中占有重要地位。而壓縮機(jī)以及其配套的控制系統(tǒng)在各種煤化工工藝中都占有非常重要的地位。離心式壓縮機(jī)是石油化工、煤化工、冶金、長輸管線以及國防等工業(yè)部門廣泛使用的大型核心設(shè)備。離心式壓縮機(jī)擁有輸氣量大、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)、轉(zhuǎn)速高、維修工作量少、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化和大型化等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也有其本身相對的缺點(diǎn),如操作的適應(yīng)性差、不適用于氣量較小的場合、效率較低、易發(fā)生喘振損害機(jī)組等。因此離心式壓縮機(jī)組的自動控制是一個非常重要并且復(fù)雜的研究方向。為了保證壓縮機(jī)能夠在工藝要求的工況下安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行,必須配備一套功能完整的自控系統(tǒng)。包括聯(lián)鎖保護(hù)緊急停車系統(tǒng)、防喘振控制系統(tǒng)、調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)、軸向振動及位移的指示以及狀態(tài)監(jiān)測分析系統(tǒng)等等。由于PLC具有系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成靈活,擴(kuò)展容易、速度快、可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前在煤化工行業(yè)離心式壓縮機(jī)一般采用PLC作為其控制系統(tǒng)核心。本文在分析了離心式壓縮機(jī)的工作原理、管網(wǎng)特性和性能曲線的基礎(chǔ)上,對其控制系統(tǒng)的研究、設(shè)計(jì),特別是機(jī)組防喘振控制策略進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述和分析,并以鶴崗華鶴煤化工有限公司30萬噸合成氨52萬噸尿素項(xiàng)目中合成氣壓縮機(jī)組控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)為背景,完成了以三重化冗余PLC、上位機(jī)和以太網(wǎng)為架構(gòu)的分散控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),采用Intouch10.1組態(tài)軟件完成了上位機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā),提出并實(shí)現(xiàn)了PI算法結(jié)合階躍輸出、可變極限流量法的防喘振控制設(shè)計(jì)方案。并通過狀態(tài)監(jiān)測分析系統(tǒng)及時準(zhǔn)確地對機(jī)組運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)的故障進(jìn)行診斷,并能有效的掌握設(shè)備的狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律及發(fā)展趨勢,防止事故于未然,消滅事故在萌芽,可以獲得潛在的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,具備良好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal is the main fossil energy in China, and it is also the main raw material of many important chemical products. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy, the demand for energy and chemical products in China has also been increasing at a relatively high speed in recent years. Chemical industry occupies an important position. The compressor and its supporting control system play a very important role in all kinds of coal chemical process. Centrifugal compressor is a large-scale core equipment widely used in petrochemical, coal chemical, metallurgical, long-distance pipeline and national defense industries. Centrifugal compressors have many advantages, such as large gas transmission, stable operation, high rotational speed, less maintenance workload, easy to realize automation and large-scale, but also have their own relative shortcomings, such as poor operational adaptability. Not suitable for small air volume, low efficiency, vulnerable to surge damage units and so on. Therefore, the automatic control of centrifugal compressor is a very important and complex research direction. In order to ensure that the compressor can operate safely and smoothly under the conditions required by the process, a complete automatic control system must be equipped. It includes interlocking protection emergency parking system, anti-surge control system, speed regulating control system, axial vibration and displacement indication, condition monitoring and analysis system and so on. Because PLC has the advantages of flexible system structure, easy expansion, high speed and high reliability, PLC is generally used as the core of control system for centrifugal compressor in coal chemical industry. On the basis of analyzing the working principle, pipe network characteristic and performance curve of centrifugal compressor, the research and design of its control system, especially the anti-surge control strategy of unit, are described and analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the development of the control system of the syngas compressor unit in the 300000 ton synthetic ammonia 520000 ton urea project of Hegang Huaho Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., the design of the decentralized control system based on the triple redundancy PLC, upper computer and Ethernet is completed. Intouch10.1 configuration software is used to develop the monitoring system of upper computer. The anti-surge control scheme of PI algorithm combined with step output and variable limit flow method is proposed and realized. Through the condition monitoring and analysis system, the fault occurred in the operation of the unit can be diagnosed in time and accurately, and can effectively master the state change law and the development trend of the equipment, prevent the accident from happening, and eliminate the accident in the bud. Can obtain the potential huge economic benefit, has the good application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH452
，
本文編號：2276027
[Abstract]:Coal is the main fossil energy in China, and it is also the main raw material of many important chemical products. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy, the demand for energy and chemical products in China has also been increasing at a relatively high speed in recent years. Chemical industry occupies an important position. The compressor and its supporting control system play a very important role in all kinds of coal chemical process. Centrifugal compressor is a large-scale core equipment widely used in petrochemical, coal chemical, metallurgical, long-distance pipeline and national defense industries. Centrifugal compressors have many advantages, such as large gas transmission, stable operation, high rotational speed, less maintenance workload, easy to realize automation and large-scale, but also have their own relative shortcomings, such as poor operational adaptability. Not suitable for small air volume, low efficiency, vulnerable to surge damage units and so on. Therefore, the automatic control of centrifugal compressor is a very important and complex research direction. In order to ensure that the compressor can operate safely and smoothly under the conditions required by the process, a complete automatic control system must be equipped. It includes interlocking protection emergency parking system, anti-surge control system, speed regulating control system, axial vibration and displacement indication, condition monitoring and analysis system and so on. Because PLC has the advantages of flexible system structure, easy expansion, high speed and high reliability, PLC is generally used as the core of control system for centrifugal compressor in coal chemical industry. On the basis of analyzing the working principle, pipe network characteristic and performance curve of centrifugal compressor, the research and design of its control system, especially the anti-surge control strategy of unit, are described and analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the development of the control system of the syngas compressor unit in the 300000 ton synthetic ammonia 520000 ton urea project of Hegang Huaho Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., the design of the decentralized control system based on the triple redundancy PLC, upper computer and Ethernet is completed. Intouch10.1 configuration software is used to develop the monitoring system of upper computer. The anti-surge control scheme of PI algorithm combined with step output and variable limit flow method is proposed and realized. Through the condition monitoring and analysis system, the fault occurred in the operation of the unit can be diagnosed in time and accurately, and can effectively master the state change law and the development trend of the equipment, prevent the accident from happening, and eliminate the accident in the bud. Can obtain the potential huge economic benefit, has the good application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH452
，
本文編號：2276027
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