【摘要】：液壓機(jī)械無級變速器(Hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission,簡稱HMCVT)采用液壓功率流和機(jī)械功率流雙流傳動,依靠液壓傳動的可控調(diào)速和機(jī)械傳動相結(jié)合實現(xiàn)無級變速。該傳動裝置應(yīng)用于非道路大功率車輛上不僅能夠提高其動力性、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性,同時還能大幅降低實際操作的復(fù)雜性。本課題分析了機(jī)械和液壓功率流分流和匯流的方式,提出并優(yōu)選了液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的設(shè)計方案,建立了所設(shè)計方案的理論模型并完成了其關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的確定；在此基礎(chǔ)上,完成了整套產(chǎn)品圖紙的繪制,并最終研制出試驗樣機(jī),申請了2項專利；建立了該液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的仿真模型,詳細(xì)分析了該樣機(jī)的傳動特性；最后搭建了液壓泵控制系統(tǒng)試驗臺,研究了變量泵控制系統(tǒng)的性能。所完成的主要工作歸納如下：1.基于定軸齒輪副和行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)分流和匯流的特點,綜合出了可作為液壓機(jī)械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)的6種分速匯矩型和6種分矩匯速型組合方案,建立了其總傳動比理論模型,并借助MATLAB軟件分析了在不同行星排特性參數(shù)下總傳動比與排量比的關(guān)系,分析了6種分矩匯速型組合方案的轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩和功率特性。分析結(jié)果表明：分矩匯速型組合方案的總傳動比與排量比呈線性關(guān)系,且傳動比變化范圍較大,適合作為液壓機(jī)械傳動分流和匯流的組合形式。2.基于單排行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu),提出了3種單排匯流的液壓機(jī)械無級變速器方案,建立了傳動比理論模型并分析了各區(qū)段下速度銜接的條件,結(jié)果表明僅僅依靠單行星排匯流尚不能實現(xiàn)液壓機(jī)械傳動的無級變速功能�；陔p排行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的匯流原理,綜合出8種雙排匯流方式,對此8種方案的可行性進(jìn)行了分析,研究得到雙排匯流HI方案(液壓功率流從公用太陽輪輸入,機(jī)械功率流通過前圈后架輸入,通過前行星排行星架或者后行星排齒圈向后輸出)適合作為液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的雙排匯流形式。提出了3種雙排匯流型等比式傳動的整體設(shè)計方案,通過對比其優(yōu)缺點,確定了本文方案——雙排匯流后定軸輸出式方案,并針對此方案申請了專利。3.針對所優(yōu)選的設(shè)計方案,建立了其輸出轉(zhuǎn)速理論模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)了等比傳動條件下和各段速度相連條件下的傳動比參數(shù)關(guān)系。在確定了等比式傳動公比值、匯流行星排特性參數(shù)和液壓系統(tǒng)元件的基礎(chǔ)上,基于最小傳動比確定了各區(qū)段傳動比參數(shù)的理論值,并結(jié)合變速器受載情況確定了齒輪參數(shù)。借助MATLAB軟件分析了傳動比和整車行駛速度隨排量比的變化關(guān)系,分析結(jié)果表明：理論上設(shè)計的傳動比參數(shù)不僅能實現(xiàn)各段之間的平穩(wěn)銜接,而且能實現(xiàn)液壓機(jī)械段的最低和最高行駛速度。4.根據(jù)該變速器的使用工況,確定了離合器的轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)矩要求,設(shè)計了離合器的聯(lián)接結(jié)構(gòu),并研制出離合器。提出并優(yōu)選了雙行星匯流排的結(jié)構(gòu),并針對此結(jié)構(gòu)申請了專利。設(shè)計了軸、匯流后輸出結(jié)構(gòu)及箱體結(jié)構(gòu),提出了一種具有支撐、潤滑及冷卻差動輪系的結(jié)構(gòu),利用三維建模軟件Solidworks對所設(shè)計的液壓機(jī)械元級變速器進(jìn)行了干涉分析,完成整套產(chǎn)品圖紙的繪制,并最終研制出了該無級變速器的試驗樣機(jī)。5.利用動力學(xué)仿真平臺SimulationX建立了發(fā)動機(jī)實驗?zāi)Ｐ�、液壓泵一馬達(dá)仿真模型、離合器控制模型、雙匯流排傳動模型,并驗證了各模型的正確性和可行性；在此基礎(chǔ)上,對該液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的傳動特性進(jìn)行了仿真分析,仿真結(jié)果表明：實際上設(shè)計的變速器能實現(xiàn)無級變速的功能,在發(fā)動機(jī)不同工況下均能實現(xiàn)連續(xù)換段。6.搭建了變量泵控制系統(tǒng)試驗臺,開發(fā)了變量泵控制系統(tǒng)測控程序,研究了變量泵的控制性能。研究得到：所采用的變量泵電控方式能良好實現(xiàn)變量泵的雙向排量變化,通過調(diào)節(jié)比例電磁鐵的通電電壓,能良好控制液壓馬達(dá)的正反轉(zhuǎn)和轉(zhuǎn)速變化。通過本課題的研究,為后續(xù)開展該液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的特性試驗和控制奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ),為后續(xù)研究各區(qū)段換段平順性和液壓系統(tǒng)的平穩(wěn)性提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持,對促進(jìn)液壓機(jī)械無級變速器在車輛傳動系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用、提高車輛動力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性等具有重要的理論意義和實用價值。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission (HMCVT) adopts hydraulic power flow and mechanical power flow double-flow transmission, and realizes stepless speed change by means of controllable speed regulation of hydraulic transmission and mechanical transmission. The transmission device is applied to non-road high-power vehicles, not only can improve the dynamic property and the fuel economy of the non-road high-power vehicle, but also can greatly reduce the complexity of practical operation. In this paper, the design scheme of the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission is put forward and the design scheme of the hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission is put forward and the key parameters are determined according to the design scheme of the hydraulic mechanical stepless speed changer. On the basis of this, the drawing of the whole product drawing is completed. Finally, a prototype is developed, two patents are applied, a simulation model of the hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission is established, and the transmission characteristics of the prototype are analyzed in detail. Finally, a hydraulic pump control system test bed is constructed, and the performance of the variable pump control system is studied. The main work done is summarized as follows: 1. Based on the characteristics of split-flow and bus-bus of fixed-shaft gear pair and planetary gear mechanism, six kinds of split-speed and six-moment junction-speed type combination schemes which can be used as hydraulic mechanical transmission structure are comprehensively developed, and the theoretical model of its total transmission ratio is established. The relationship between total transmission ratio and displacement ratio under different planetary row characteristic parameters is analyzed with MATLAB software, and the speed, torque and power characteristics of six kinds of moment-junction box-speed combination schemes are analyzed. The results show that the ratio of total transmission ratio is linear with the displacement ratio, and the change range of transmission ratio is large. It is suitable to be used as a combined form of hydraulic mechanical transmission shunt and bus. Based on the single row planetary gear mechanism, three hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission schemes with single row and single row are put forward, the theoretical model of transmission ratio is established and the condition of speed connection in each section is analyzed. The results show that the stepless speed-changing function of hydraulic mechanical transmission can not be realized by simply relying on single-row star-row bus. Based on the bus principle of double-row planetary gear mechanism, the feasibility of eight schemes is analyzed, the feasibility of the eight schemes is analyzed, and the two-row bus HI scheme is obtained (hydraulic power flow is input from common sun gear, mechanical power flows through the front ring rear frame input, the rear output) is suitable as a double-row bus form of a hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission by means of a front planetary row carrier or a rear planet row tooth ring. Based on the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of double-row bus-type transmission, this paper has determined the output scheme of this paper by comparing its advantages and disadvantages, and applied the patent for this scheme. According to the optimized design scheme, the theoretical model of the output speed is established, and the relationship between the transmission ratio parameters under the condition of equal ratio transmission and the speed of each section is derived. On the basis of determining the ratio of equal-to-ratio transmission, the characteristic parameters of the bus-bus and the components of the hydraulic system, the theoretical value of the transmission ratio parameters of each section is determined based on the minimum transmission ratio, and the gear parameters are determined according to the loading condition of the transmission. With the aid of MATLAB software, the relationship between the gear ratio and the running speed of the whole vehicle with the displacement ratio is analyzed. The result shows that the theoretically designed ratio parameter can not only achieve the smooth connection between the sections, but also the lowest and maximum running speed of the hydraulic mechanical section. According to the operating condition of the transmission, the torque request of the clutch is determined, the coupling structure of the clutch is designed, and the clutch is developed. The structure of a dual planetary bus is proposed and described, and a patent is applied to this structure. The structure of shaft, bus output structure and box structure is designed, a structure with support, lubrication and cooling differential gear train is put forward, and the design hydraulic mechanical element grade transmission is analyzed by 3D modeling software Solidworks, and the drawing of the whole set of product drawings is finished. Finally, the prototype of the continuously variable transmission was developed. The engine experiment model, the hydraulic pump-motor simulation model, the clutch control model and the double-bus transmission model are established by using the dynamic simulation platform SimulationX, and the correctness and feasibility of each model are verified. On the basis of this, A simulation analysis of the transmission characteristics of the hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission is carried out. The simulation results show that the continuously variable transmission function can be realized under different working conditions of the engine, and the continuous changing section can be realized under different working conditions of the engine. A variable pump control system test bed was built, and the control program of variable pump control system was developed, and the control performance of variable pump was studied. The research results show that the variable pump electric control mode can realize the variable pump's two-way displacement change well, and can control the positive and reverse rotation speed variation of the hydraulic motor well by adjusting the power-on voltage of the proportional electromagnet. Through the research of this project, it lays a solid foundation for the following development of the characteristic test and control of the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the subsequent study of the smoothness of each section and the stability of the hydraulic system. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to promote the application of hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission in vehicle transmission system, improve the power and economy of vehicle, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH132.46;TH137

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本文編號：2269666