【摘要】：離心式壓縮機(jī)葉輪是將機(jī)械能傳給氣體,以提高氣體能量的唯一元件。其運(yùn)行時(shí)和氣體的相互作用是一個(gè)典型的流固耦合問(wèn)題。要對(duì)葉輪進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的力學(xué)分析,必須考慮氣動(dòng)載荷的影響。然而用數(shù)值方法對(duì)葉輪進(jìn)行流固耦合分析,流體域劃分的網(wǎng)格密度往往遠(yuǎn)大于固體域,導(dǎo)致耦合界面上網(wǎng)格不匹配的情況。在這樣的網(wǎng)格間并不能直接傳遞各個(gè)場(chǎng)的數(shù)據(jù),需要引入耦合算法實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳遞。 近些年來(lái),對(duì)于耦合方法的研究已經(jīng)比較系統(tǒng),提出了許多種耦合算法。本文將最鄰近點(diǎn)插值法(NN)、快速映射法(FPA)和徑向基函數(shù)(RBF)插值算法等三種方法引入到葉輪的流固耦合分析中,分別根據(jù)其基本原理推導(dǎo)出耦合矩陣。推導(dǎo)過(guò)程顯示,最鄰近點(diǎn)插值法原理簡(jiǎn)單,而徑向基函數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)概念清晰,兩者都十分有利于編程計(jì)算。在MATLAB平臺(tái)上,編制了對(duì)應(yīng)的耦合計(jì)算程序。此外,有限元分析軟件ANSYS中含有基于快速映射法的內(nèi)部函數(shù),利用此函數(shù),論文通過(guò)ANSYS-APDL腳本語(yǔ)言編制了快速映射法的插值計(jì)算程序。 為了驗(yàn)證上述三種算法的精確度,分別構(gòu)造了具有解析解的二維和三維插值算例,用MATLAB和ANSYS-APDL對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解,并將結(jié)果與解析解進(jìn)行比較。對(duì)比證明,三種方法中,RBF插值法的計(jì)算結(jié)果最精確,其與解析解的相對(duì)誤差大多分布在10-3～10-5之內(nèi),精度上完全滿足工程應(yīng)用的需求。 需要注意的是,目前對(duì)不匹配網(wǎng)格耦合算法的研究大多只基于簡(jiǎn)單的算例,很少有人將算法應(yīng)用到復(fù)雜模型的流固耦合分析中。而大型耦合模型往往存在耦合面復(fù)雜,節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)眾多,計(jì)算量極大等問(wèn)題。如何在保證精度的前提下又能提高計(jì)算效率,一直是工程應(yīng)用中急需解決的問(wèn)題。本文以某大型離心式壓縮機(jī)閉式葉輪的單向松耦合分析為實(shí)例,新增前、后處理模塊完善了編制的計(jì)算程序,并且對(duì)于葉輪耦合界面求解量巨大的問(wèn)題,找到了一種簡(jiǎn)便、精確又能極大提高計(jì)算效率的處理方法,很好的完成了數(shù)據(jù)傳遞。這一整套數(shù)據(jù)耦合方法適用范圍廣,可靈活運(yùn)用于大型流固耦合甚至任意場(chǎng)的耦合分析中。 本文受國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011CB706504)和沈陽(yáng)鼓風(fēng)機(jī)集團(tuán)有限公司資助。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor impeller is the only component that can transfer mechanical energy to gas to improve gas energy. The interaction between operation time and gas is a typical fluid-solid coupling problem. In order to analyze the impeller accurately, the effect of aerodynamic load must be considered. However, the numerical method is used to analyze the fluid-solid coupling of impeller. The density of meshes in fluid domain is much larger than that in solid domain, which leads to the mismatch of meshes on the coupling interface. The data of each field can not be transferred directly between these meshes, so it is necessary to introduce the coupling algorithm to realize the data transfer. In recent years, the study of coupling methods has been systematic, and many coupling algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, the nearest neighbor point interpolation method (NN), fast mapping method (FPA) and radial basis function (RBF) interpolation algorithm are introduced into the fluid-solid coupling analysis of impeller, and the coupling matrix is derived according to their basic principles. The derivation shows that the nearest neighbor interpolation method is simple and the radial basis function mathematical concept is clear. Both of them are very helpful for programming calculation. On the MATLAB platform, the corresponding coupling calculation program is developed. In addition, the finite element analysis software ANSYS contains the internal function based on the fast mapping method. Using this function, the interpolation calculation program of the fast mapping method is compiled by ANSYS-APDL script language. In order to verify the accuracy of the above three algorithms, two and three dimensional interpolation examples with analytical solutions are constructed, and solved by MATLAB and ANSYS-APDL, and the results are compared with the analytical solutions. It is proved by comparison that the RBF interpolation method is the most accurate of the three methods, and the relative error between the method and the analytical solution is mostly within 10 ~ (-3) ~ 10 ~ (-5), which fully meets the requirement of engineering application. It should be noted that most of the current researches on mismatched grid coupling algorithms are based on simple examples and few people apply the algorithms to the fluid-solid coupling analysis of complex models. However, there are many problems in large coupling models, such as complex coupling surface, large number of node data and large amount of computation. How to improve the calculation efficiency on the premise of ensuring accuracy has always been an urgent problem in engineering application. In this paper, the unidirectional loose coupling analysis of the closed impeller of a large centrifugal compressor is taken as an example. The calculation program is perfected by the post-processing module before adding, and a simple and convenient method is found for solving the problem of the impeller coupling interface. Accurate and can greatly improve the computational efficiency of the processing method, a good completion of the data transfer. This set of data coupling methods can be used flexibly in the coupling analysis of large fluid-solid coupling and even arbitrary fields. This paper is supported by the National key basic Research and Development Program (2011CB706504) and Shenyang Blower Group Co., Ltd.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH452

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