【摘要】：隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)速不斷增加、性能不斷提高,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性越來越成為人們研究的焦點(diǎn)。含有齒輪傳動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用,并已成為轉(zhuǎn)子中重要的一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域。在大型旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械中,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)是其中最為關(guān)鍵的部件,對轉(zhuǎn)子軸系振動(dòng)特性的分析一直都是該領(lǐng)域研究的必要問題之一。國內(nèi)外的研究表明,對于耦合系統(tǒng)彎扭特性的研究還不是很透徹,有待于進(jìn)一步研究,對這一問題的研究成果將對彎扭耦合振動(dòng)故障的判別具有指導(dǎo)意義。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 首先介紹了現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力特性的常用計(jì)算方法,建立了斜齒輪的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并簡單介紹了有限元的基本理論基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)有限元法的基本劃分原理,利用MATLAB的強(qiáng)大繪圖功能,通過編程,實(shí)現(xiàn)了單軸和多軸單元?jiǎng)澐值亩S直觀圖,并標(biāo)記出質(zhì)量點(diǎn)的位置以及支承的位置,多軸的單元圖還標(biāo)記出了相嚙合兩軸的嚙合位置。 其次,對某轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的模態(tài)分析,研究了其固有特性的變化,得出了耦合系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的新頻率以及新頻率的變化特征；并研究了嚙合剛度以及支承剛度對耦合系統(tǒng)固有頻率的影響。 在上述分析基礎(chǔ)上,對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行不平衡響應(yīng)分析,得到了系統(tǒng)在不同加載方式下的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)情況,并對系統(tǒng)嚙合力的變化進(jìn)行了比較詳細(xì)的分析,得到了系統(tǒng)嚙合力隨速度、傳遞誤差以及不平衡量變化的變化規(guī)律。分析表明,傳遞誤差和速度對系統(tǒng)的嚙合力影響較大,傳遞誤差并非越小越好,因此齒輪系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要做好傳遞誤差的優(yōu)化工作；不平衡量的變化對系統(tǒng)嚙合力的影響相對較小,正常工作條件下,不平衡量越小越好。 最后,對系統(tǒng)的啟機(jī)和停機(jī)特性進(jìn)行了分析,分別分析了系統(tǒng)在定加速度和變加速度的啟機(jī)和停機(jī)特性。研究表明,加速度的選取對啟停機(jī)過程有著重要的影響,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯?dòng)及停機(jī)加速度,不僅可以越過某些臨界轉(zhuǎn)速,還可以略微減小振動(dòng)的幅值,從而延長設(shè)備的使用壽命。此外,研究還表明,啟停機(jī)產(chǎn)生振幅的時(shí)問所對應(yīng)的頻率均與之前章節(jié)中的頻率相吻合,表明這部分分析在理論上是合理的。
[Abstract]:With the increase of rotating speed and performance of rotating machinery, the vibration characteristics of rotor system become the focus of research. Rotor system with gear transmission has been widely used and has become an important research field in rotor. In large rotating machinery, rotor system is the most important component, and the analysis of vibration characteristics of rotor shafting is always one of the necessary problems in this field. The research at home and abroad shows that the study on the bending and torsional characteristics of coupled systems is not very thorough and needs to be further studied. The research results of this problem will be of guiding significance for the identification of the coupled bending and torsional vibration faults. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the commonly used calculation methods of dynamic characteristics of rotor system are introduced, the dynamic model of helical gear is established, and the basic theoretical basis of finite element method is briefly introduced. According to the basic partition principle of finite element method, by using the powerful drawing function of MATLAB, the two-dimensional visual diagram of uniaxial and multi-axis element partition is realized by programming, and the position of mass point and the position of support are marked out. The multi-axis cell diagram also marks the meshing position of the two-axis meshing. Secondly, the modal analysis of a rotor system is carried out in detail, the change of its inherent characteristics is studied, and the new frequency change characteristics of the coupling system are obtained. The influence of meshing stiffness and supporting stiffness on the natural frequency of coupling system is studied. On the basis of the above analysis, the unbalanced response of the system is analyzed, and the vibration response of the system under different loading modes is obtained. The variation of the meshing force of the system is analyzed in detail, and the meshing force of the system with the velocity is obtained. The law of variation of transfer error and unbalance. The analysis shows that the transmission error and speed have a great influence on the meshing force of the system, and the smaller the transmission error is, the better, so the transmission error optimization should be done well in the design of the gear system. The influence of the unbalance on the meshing force of the system is relatively small. Under normal working conditions, the smaller the unbalance is, the better. Finally, the startup and shutdown characteristics of the system are analyzed, and the startup and shutdown characteristics of the system at constant acceleration and variable acceleration are analyzed respectively. The results show that the selection of acceleration has an important effect on the starting and stopping process. Choosing proper starting and stopping acceleration can not only cross some critical speeds, but also slightly reduce the amplitude of vibration, thus prolonging the service life of the equipment. In addition, it is also shown that the frequency corresponding to the time question of starting and stopping amplitude is consistent with the frequency in the previous chapter, which indicates that this part of the analysis is reasonable in theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH113.1

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