【摘要】：在工業(yè)發(fā)展的今天,壓縮機(jī)被廣泛應(yīng)用于鋼鐵、電力、造船、石油、汽車工業(yè)、航空航天等諸多領(lǐng)域,可見壓縮機(jī)己占有舉足輕重的位置。在壓縮機(jī)的使用過程中,人們不但對(duì)其性能要求越來越高,對(duì)其振動(dòng)與輻射噪聲問題也越來越重視。擴(kuò)壓器是壓縮機(jī)中的重要部件,擴(kuò)壓器的類型不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓縮機(jī)的性能和振動(dòng)噪聲的不同。本文基于仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,研究擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)壓縮機(jī)性能和輻射噪聲影響的機(jī)理,找到壓縮機(jī)振動(dòng)和噪聲的來源。這對(duì)提高壓縮機(jī)性能,降低噪聲,改善人們工作、生活環(huán)境質(zhì)量具有很重要的意義。 本課題以沈鼓集團(tuán)生產(chǎn)的離心壓縮機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,通過對(duì)葉輪進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算分析,研究離心壓縮機(jī)不同類型擴(kuò)壓器的流場(chǎng),經(jīng)計(jì)算獲得流場(chǎng)的總壓分布；通過壓縮機(jī)性能試驗(yàn),噪聲試驗(yàn)以及輻射噪聲測(cè)試等一系列的試驗(yàn),研究了不同類型的擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)壓縮機(jī)的性能和輻射噪聲的影響。 本文的具體研究工作如下： (1)流場(chǎng)仿真分析。分析了模型級(jí)離心式壓縮機(jī)不同形狀擴(kuò)壓器內(nèi)部流場(chǎng),通過CFD計(jì)算,獲得了四種不同類型擴(kuò)壓器內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)的總壓分布。改變流量工況,對(duì)比四種不同類型擴(kuò)壓器的性能曲線。 (2)開展了不同擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)壓縮機(jī)性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究。針對(duì)不同擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)壓縮機(jī)性能的影響,主要考慮壓縮機(jī)擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)模型級(jí)性能的影響,開展了級(jí)性能測(cè)試研究,并分析壓力脈動(dòng)對(duì)性能的影響。對(duì)壓縮機(jī)葉輪入口、擴(kuò)壓器入口以及擴(kuò)壓器出口的壓力脈動(dòng)數(shù)值以及機(jī)殼和管道的振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了采集和分析比較；主要考慮對(duì)壓縮機(jī)工作時(shí)內(nèi)部的壓力脈動(dòng)和管道以及殼體振動(dòng)的影響。 (3)擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)輻射噪聲影響分析、測(cè)試。對(duì)安裝有不同擴(kuò)壓器的壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行噪聲測(cè)試,對(duì)聲壓信號(hào)進(jìn)行相關(guān)處理,通過處理結(jié)果對(duì)比不同擴(kuò)壓器對(duì)壓縮機(jī)噪聲的影響,確定噪聲源可對(duì)其進(jìn)行控制并為壓縮機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)及改進(jìn)提供有效地?cái)?shù)據(jù)支持。 (4)輻射噪聲快速預(yù)測(cè)。以沈鼓集團(tuán)生產(chǎn)的MCL系列離心壓縮機(jī)為對(duì)象,通過對(duì)壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行多組噪聲測(cè)試,研究壓縮機(jī)噪聲與其本身工作參數(shù)的關(guān)系,找到噪聲預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式；確定壓縮機(jī)的主要噪聲聲源,并對(duì)噪聲源進(jìn)行仿真預(yù)測(cè)及改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),達(dá)到控制噪聲的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry, compressors are widely used in steel, electricity, shipbuilding, petroleum, automobile industry, aerospace and so on. In the process of using compressor, people pay more and more attention not only to its performance, but also to its vibration and radiation noise. Diffuser is an important part in compressor. Different types of diffuser will lead to different performance and vibration noise of compressor. Based on the method of simulation and experiment, this paper studies the mechanism of the influence of diffuser on compressor performance and radiated noise, and finds out the source of compressor vibration and noise. It is of great significance to improve compressor performance, reduce noise, improve people's working and living environment quality. Taking centrifugal compressor produced by Shengu Group as the research object, the flow field of different types of diffuser of centrifugal compressor is studied through simulation calculation and analysis of impeller, the total pressure distribution of flow field is obtained by calculation, and the performance test of compressor is carried out. A series of experiments such as noise test and radiation noise test are carried out to study the effect of diffuser of different types on compressor performance and radiated noise. The research work of this paper is as follows: (1) flow field simulation analysis. The internal flow field of different shape diffuser of model stage centrifugal compressor is analyzed. The total pressure distribution of four different types of diffuser is obtained by CFD calculation. The performance curves of four different types of diffusers are compared by changing the flow conditions. (2) the effect of different diffusers on compressor performance is studied experimentally. In view of the influence of different diffuser on compressor performance, the influence of compressor diffuser on model stage performance is considered, the stage performance test is carried out, and the influence of pressure pulsation on performance is analyzed. The pressure pulsation values of compressor impeller inlet diffuser inlet and diffuser outlet as well as the vibration data of casing and pipeline are collected and analyzed. This paper mainly considers the influence of pressure pulsation inside the compressor and the vibration of pipe and shell. (3) the influence of diffuser on radiated noise is analyzed and tested. The noise of compressor with different diffuser is tested, and the signal of sound pressure is processed. The effect of different diffuser on the noise of compressor is compared by processing results. The noise source can be determined to control it and provide effective data support for the design and improvement of compressor. (4) Rapid prediction of radiated noise. Taking the MCL series centrifugal compressor produced by Shengu Group as the object, the paper studies the relationship between the compressor noise and its working parameters, and finds the empirical formula of noise prediction. The main noise sources of the compressor are determined, and the noise sources are simulated, predicted and improved to achieve the purpose of noise control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH452

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