【摘要】：堿金屬熱電直接轉(zhuǎn)換器（Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter-AMTEC）是利用β″-Al2O3固體電解質(zhì)對(duì)離子是良導(dǎo)體，對(duì)電子絕緣的特性的一種發(fā)電裝置，具有轉(zhuǎn)換效率高、無運(yùn)動(dòng)部件等特點(diǎn)，是一項(xiàng)在太空和地面應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域里很有前景的技術(shù)。AMTEC的功率不僅受到熱端溫度、冷端溫度的影響，還受到毛細(xì)泵性能的影響。毛細(xì)泵的通流性能直接影響轉(zhuǎn)換器的效率，毛細(xì)泵性能的可靠性主要由發(fā)生在多孔芯蒸發(fā)器的液態(tài)鈉相變的熱力學(xué)極限決定，因此研究毛細(xì)泵內(nèi)流體流動(dòng)與換熱機(jī)理是很有意義的。 本文建立了一個(gè)動(dòng)力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)耦合的二維軸對(duì)稱數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，采用相位場(chǎng)方法對(duì)氣-液界面進(jìn)行捕捉，通過在方程中添加源項(xiàng)來模擬相變和毛細(xì)力。該模型可以較方便求出毛細(xì)泵的壓力場(chǎng)、速度場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)，可以較準(zhǔn)確地追蹤氣-液界面，并能解決了氣-液界面處速度和壓力的不連續(xù)問題。利用該模型模擬和分析了毛細(xì)泵的流動(dòng)特性、換熱特性和可靠性等。 模擬結(jié)果表明，毛細(xì)泵流動(dòng)性能隨著平均孔徑、孔隙率、溫度、導(dǎo)熱柱和蒸發(fā)器材料熱導(dǎo)率的增大而提高，隨著電流和輸運(yùn)芯材料熱導(dǎo)率的增大而降低；毛細(xì)泵的蒸發(fā)速率隨著蒸發(fā)器孔隙率、導(dǎo)熱柱和蒸發(fā)器材料的熱導(dǎo)率的增大而提高，隨著輸運(yùn)芯孔隙率和材料熱導(dǎo)率的增大而降低；毛細(xì)泵的蒸發(fā)速率和熱效率沒有受到平均孔徑的影響；毛細(xì)泵熱效率受蒸發(fā)器材料的影響較小，受輸運(yùn)芯材料的影響較明顯，隨著輸運(yùn)芯材料熱導(dǎo)率的的增大而降低；毛細(xì)泵臨界孔徑隨著熱端溫度和電流的增大而降低，隨著孔隙率的增大而提高，但受到冷凝器溫度的影響很小。
[Abstract]:Alkali metal thermoelectric direct converter (Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter-AMTEC) is a kind of power generating device which uses 尾 "-Al _ 2O _ 3 solid electrolyte as good conductor for ion and good for electronic insulation. It has the characteristics of high conversion efficiency and no moving parts, etc. AMTEC is a promising technology in space and terrestrial applications. The power of AMTEC is affected not only by hot end temperature, cold end temperature, but also by capillary pump performance. The performance of capillary pump directly affects the efficiency of the converter. The reliability of capillary pump is mainly determined by the thermodynamic limit of the liquid sodium phase transition occurring in the porous core evaporator. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the mechanism of fluid flow and heat transfer in capillary pump. In this paper, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model coupled with dynamics and thermodynamics is established. The phase field method is used to capture the gas-liquid interface, and the phase transition and capillary force are simulated by adding a source term to the equation. The model can easily calculate the pressure field, velocity field and temperature field of capillary pump. It can track the gas-liquid interface accurately and solve the problem of velocity and pressure discontinuity at the gas-liquid interface. The model is used to simulate and analyze the flow characteristics, heat transfer characteristics and reliability of capillary pumps. The simulation results show that the flow energy of capillary pump increases with the increase of average pore size, porosity, temperature, thermal conductivity of materials of heat conduction column and evaporator, and decreases with the increase of current and thermal conductivity of core materials. The evaporation rate of capillary pump increases with the increase of the porosity of evaporator, the thermal conductivity of heat conduction column and evaporator, and decreases with the increase of core porosity and thermal conductivity of material. The evaporation rate and thermal efficiency of the capillary pump are not affected by the average aperture, but the thermal efficiency of the capillary pump is less affected by the evaporator material than by the core material, and decreases with the increase of the thermal conductivity of the core material. The critical pore diameter of capillary pump decreases with the increase of hot end temperature and current, and increases with the increase of porosity, but it is little affected by condenser temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH38;TK124

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