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大批量小零件自動給料和圖像檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-09-07 10:47
【摘要】:零件在大批量、連續(xù)自動化生產(chǎn)時,由于各種因素的影響,總會有殘次品的存在。傳統(tǒng)的人工抽樣檢測方法,無法保證零件百分百的合格。隨著計算機技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,利用圖像處理技術(shù)對零件進(jìn)行自動檢測的方法近年來得到廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。 為了解決零件人工檢測效率低、精度低的問題,本文設(shè)計開發(fā)了一個運用機器視覺技術(shù)對大批量小零件自動進(jìn)行檢測、剔除不合格零件的系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括自動給料、圖像處理檢測、零件傳送、廢品剔除、系統(tǒng)控制和人機交互。 本文主要對系統(tǒng)的自動給料定向功能、系統(tǒng)控制及人機交互功能和圖像處理檢測功能進(jìn)行了研究。在對自動給料定向功能的研究中,分析了零件在振動盤螺旋軌道上的受力情況,描述了零件在振動盤中的進(jìn)給機理,并設(shè)計了定向系統(tǒng),使零件可以按照需要的姿態(tài)傳送給圖像拍攝模塊。在系統(tǒng)控制和人機交互的研究中,本系統(tǒng)采用西門子PLC作為系統(tǒng)邏輯控制器,針對系統(tǒng)的邏輯控制需要,設(shè)計了PLC外部接線和內(nèi)部運行程序,為了滿足系統(tǒng)的人機交互的功能,運用了觸摸屏對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行組態(tài),監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的工作過程。在圖像處理檢測功能的研究中,本文通過分析了缺陷零件的特點,提出了檢測方法,即首先采用雙層鏈表法實現(xiàn)對零件圖像連通區(qū)域的標(biāo)記,然后采用極半徑不變矩對零件圖像進(jìn)行形狀描述,再與合格零件圖像的每個特征對圖像中心的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化歐氏距離以及閾值進(jìn)行比較,最后通過判斷被測零件圖像的特征個數(shù)以及每個特征的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化歐氏距離,從而達(dá)到檢測零件的目的,檢測軟件由LabView實現(xiàn)。最后,本文運用Pro/E軟件對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了三維建模,并實現(xiàn)了整個系統(tǒng)的機構(gòu)動態(tài)仿真。 本系統(tǒng)運用PLC可編程邏輯控制器作為系統(tǒng)控制器,機器視覺和圖像處理作為檢測方法,運用觸摸屏和Siemens WinCC組態(tài)軟件作為監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),可以提高整條生產(chǎn)線的自動化程度、降低勞動強度,提高零件檢測的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率。由于系統(tǒng)采用一種非接觸的檢測方式,可以更好地保證最終產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Parts in mass, continuous automatic production, due to the influence of various factors, there will always be defective products. Traditional manual sampling testing method can not guarantee 100% qualified parts. With the rapid development of computer technology, the method of automatic detection of parts using image processing technology has been widely used and developed in recent years. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and low precision of manual inspection of parts, this paper designs and develops a system which uses machine vision technology to automatically detect large quantities of small parts and eliminate unqualified parts. The main functions of the system include automatic feeding, image processing and detection, part transfer, scrap removal, system control and man-machine interaction. In this paper, the functions of automatic feeding orientation, system control, man-machine interaction and image processing are studied. In the study of the function of automatic feeding orientation, the stress of the parts on the spiral track of the vibration disk is analyzed, the feeding mechanism of the parts in the vibration disk is described, and the orientation system is designed. The parts can be transmitted to the image shooting module according to the desired posture. In the research of system control and man-machine interaction, the system adopts Siemens PLC as the logic controller of the system. According to the need of the logic control of the system, the external wiring of PLC and the internal running program are designed to meet the function of man-machine interaction of the system. The touch screen is used to configure the system and monitor the working process of the system. In the research of image processing and detection function, this paper analyzes the characteristics of defective parts, and puts forward a detection method, that is, the double-layer linked list method is used to mark the connected area of the image of parts. Then the shape of the part image is described by pole radius invariant moment, and then the standardized Euclidean distance and threshold value of the image center are compared with each feature of the qualified part image. Finally, by judging the number of features and the standardized Euclidean distance of each feature, the detection software is implemented by LabView. Finally, this paper uses Pro/E software to model the system, and realizes the dynamic simulation of the whole system. The system uses PLC programmable logic controller as system controller, machine vision and image processing as testing method, touch screen and Siemens WinCC configuration software as monitoring system, which can improve the automation of the whole production line. Reduce labor intensity, improve product quality and production efficiency of parts inspection. Because the system adopts a non-contact detection method, it can better guarantee the final product quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:TP274;TH237.1

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