【摘要】：零件在大批量、連續(xù)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)時(shí)，由于各種因素的影響，總會(huì)有殘次品的存在。傳統(tǒng)的人工抽樣檢測(cè)方法，無(wú)法保證零件百分百的合格。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，利用圖像處理技術(shù)對(duì)零件進(jìn)行自動(dòng)檢測(cè)的方法近年來(lái)得到廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。 為了解決零件人工檢測(cè)效率低、精度低的問(wèn)題，本文設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一個(gè)運(yùn)用機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)對(duì)大批量小零件自動(dòng)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)、剔除不合格零件的系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括自動(dòng)給料、圖像處理檢測(cè)、零件傳送、廢品剔除、系統(tǒng)控制和人機(jī)交互。 本文主要對(duì)系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)給料定向功能、系統(tǒng)控制及人機(jī)交互功能和圖像處理檢測(cè)功能進(jìn)行了研究。在對(duì)自動(dòng)給料定向功能的研究中，分析了零件在振動(dòng)盤螺旋軌道上的受力情況，描述了零件在振動(dòng)盤中的進(jìn)給機(jī)理，并設(shè)計(jì)了定向系統(tǒng)，使零件可以按照需要的姿態(tài)傳送給圖像拍攝模塊。在系統(tǒng)控制和人機(jī)交互的研究中，本系統(tǒng)采用西門子PLC作為系統(tǒng)邏輯控制器，針對(duì)系統(tǒng)的邏輯控制需要，設(shè)計(jì)了PLC外部接線和內(nèi)部運(yùn)行程序，為了滿足系統(tǒng)的人機(jī)交互的功能，運(yùn)用了觸摸屏對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行組態(tài)，監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的工作過(guò)程。在圖像處理檢測(cè)功能的研究中，本文通過(guò)分析了缺陷零件的特點(diǎn)，提出了檢測(cè)方法，即首先采用雙層鏈表法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)零件圖像連通區(qū)域的標(biāo)記，然后采用極半徑不變矩對(duì)零件圖像進(jìn)行形狀描述，再與合格零件圖像的每個(gè)特征對(duì)圖像中心的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化歐氏距離以及閾值進(jìn)行比較，最后通過(guò)判斷被測(cè)零件圖像的特征個(gè)數(shù)以及每個(gè)特征的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化歐氏距離，從而達(dá)到檢測(cè)零件的目的，檢測(cè)軟件由LabView實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后，本文運(yùn)用Pro/E軟件對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了三維建模，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)仿真。 本系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用PLC可編程邏輯控制器作為系統(tǒng)控制器，機(jī)器視覺和圖像處理作為檢測(cè)方法，運(yùn)用觸摸屏和Siemens WinCC組態(tài)軟件作為監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，可以提高整條生產(chǎn)線的自動(dòng)化程度、降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高零件檢測(cè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率。由于系統(tǒng)采用一種非接觸的檢測(cè)方式，可以更好地保證最終產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Parts in mass, continuous automatic production, due to the influence of various factors, there will always be defective products. Traditional manual sampling testing method can not guarantee 100% qualified parts. With the rapid development of computer technology, the method of automatic detection of parts using image processing technology has been widely used and developed in recent years. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and low precision of manual inspection of parts, this paper designs and develops a system which uses machine vision technology to automatically detect large quantities of small parts and eliminate unqualified parts. The main functions of the system include automatic feeding, image processing and detection, part transfer, scrap removal, system control and man-machine interaction. In this paper, the functions of automatic feeding orientation, system control, man-machine interaction and image processing are studied. In the study of the function of automatic feeding orientation, the stress of the parts on the spiral track of the vibration disk is analyzed, the feeding mechanism of the parts in the vibration disk is described, and the orientation system is designed. The parts can be transmitted to the image shooting module according to the desired posture. In the research of system control and man-machine interaction, the system adopts Siemens PLC as the logic controller of the system. According to the need of the logic control of the system, the external wiring of PLC and the internal running program are designed to meet the function of man-machine interaction of the system. The touch screen is used to configure the system and monitor the working process of the system. In the research of image processing and detection function, this paper analyzes the characteristics of defective parts, and puts forward a detection method, that is, the double-layer linked list method is used to mark the connected area of the image of parts. Then the shape of the part image is described by pole radius invariant moment, and then the standardized Euclidean distance and threshold value of the image center are compared with each feature of the qualified part image. Finally, by judging the number of features and the standardized Euclidean distance of each feature, the detection software is implemented by LabView. Finally, this paper uses Pro/E software to model the system, and realizes the dynamic simulation of the whole system. The system uses PLC programmable logic controller as system controller, machine vision and image processing as testing method, touch screen and Siemens WinCC configuration software as monitoring system, which can improve the automation of the whole production line. Reduce labor intensity, improve product quality and production efficiency of parts inspection. Because the system adopts a non-contact detection method, it can better guarantee the final product quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TP274;TH237.1

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本文編號(hào)：2228045