【摘要】：高壓水射流技術(shù)是近30年發(fā)展起來的一項新技術(shù),目前已在煤炭、石油、冶金、航空、交通、化工、建筑、市政工程等部門和領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用,主要用于清洗、切割、破碎等方面。高壓水射流技術(shù)憑借著高效、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、機動靈活等特點,在國內(nèi)各工業(yè)部門得到越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用,也越來越受到人們的重視。高壓水射流設(shè)備作為高壓水的發(fā)生裝置,其整體性能將直接影響高壓水射流技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和推廣。雖然我國在高壓水射流設(shè)備相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究上取得了許多成果,國內(nèi)也有不少企業(yè)從事高壓水射流設(shè)備的制造,但是我國生產(chǎn)的高壓水射流設(shè)備在整體性能上與國外產(chǎn)品相比還存在較大差距。故開展改善高壓水射流設(shè)備整體性能的研究工作是很有必要的,具有十分重要的意義。 本文以某公司生產(chǎn)的超高壓水射流裝置為研究對象,結(jié)合該超高壓水射流裝置存在水射流系統(tǒng)出水壓力波動幅度較大、增壓器運行效率不高、液壓系統(tǒng)油溫過高等問題,對該超高壓水射流裝置液壓系統(tǒng)進行仿真研究,為其性能的改善提供理論依據(jù)和切實可行的方案。首先,對該超高壓水射流裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)理論進行分析;其次,對雙組增壓器水射流系統(tǒng)出水壓力波動進行研究,詳細分析非同組增壓器活塞運動延遲時間對水射流系統(tǒng)出水壓力波動的影響;再次,對增壓器輸出機理進行研究,分析了增壓器的輸出特性及增壓器物理參數(shù)對其運行效率的影響規(guī)律;最后,對該超高壓水射流裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的油溫進行仿真計算,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)冷卻器的選型,并分析各種參數(shù)對液壓系統(tǒng)油溫變化的影響。 本文主要采用理論分析與仿真分析相結(jié)合的方法對該超高壓水射流裝置液壓系統(tǒng)中存在的問題進行研究。通過理論分析分別建立了雙組增壓器水射流系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型、液壓增壓器的運動學(xué)模型及該液壓系統(tǒng)的熱分析模型,然后運用MATLAB軟件進行雙組增壓器水射流系統(tǒng)出水壓力的模擬分析、增壓器內(nèi)部運動微分方程的數(shù)值分析及該液壓系統(tǒng)油溫的仿真計算。 研究結(jié)果表明,延遲時間對雙組增壓器水射流系統(tǒng)出水壓力波動有較大的影響,并且在其它影響因素不變的情況下,存在最佳的延遲時間值使得系統(tǒng)出水壓力的波動幅度最小。影響增壓器運行效率的因素主要有阻尼系數(shù)、增壓器與單向閥之間高壓管路的體積、換向閥換向時間、水射流系統(tǒng)的回油壓力等。當(dāng)該超高壓水射流裝置液壓系統(tǒng)處于兩種不同工作狀態(tài)時,系統(tǒng)所需的冷卻器制冷量相差較大。油箱的有效容積與環(huán)境溫度對液壓系統(tǒng)的油溫有較大的影響。
[Abstract]:High-pressure water jet technology is a new technology developed in recent 30 years. It has been applied in coal, petroleum, metallurgy, aviation, transportation, chemical industry, construction, municipal engineering and other departments and fields, mainly used in cleaning, cutting, crushing and so on. High pressure water jet technology is more and more widely used and paid more and more attention to in various industrial sectors because of its high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, flexibility and so on. As a generating device of high pressure water, the whole performance of high pressure water jet equipment will directly affect the application and popularization of high pressure water jet technology. Although many achievements have been made in the research of the technologies related to high pressure water jet equipment in China, many domestic enterprises are also engaged in the manufacture of high pressure water jet equipment. However, there is still a big gap in the overall performance of the high pressure water jet equipment produced in our country compared with foreign products. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the overall performance of high pressure water jet equipment. In this paper, the ultra-high pressure water jet device produced by a company is taken as the research object. Combined with the ultra-high pressure water jet device, the pressure fluctuation of the water jet system is large, the supercharger operation efficiency is not high, and the oil temperature of the hydraulic system is too high. The simulation study on the hydraulic system of the ultra-high pressure water jet device provides theoretical basis and practical scheme for the improvement of its performance. Firstly, the related theories of the hydraulic system of the ultra-high pressure water jet system are analyzed. Secondly, the pressure fluctuation of the water jet system of the double supercharger is studied. The effect of the delay time of piston movement on the pressure fluctuation of water jet system is analyzed in detail. Thirdly, the output mechanism of supercharger is studied. The output characteristics of the supercharger and the influence of the physical parameters of the supercharger on its operation efficiency are analyzed. Finally, the oil temperature of the hydraulic system of the ultra-high pressure water jet device is simulated and the type selection of the system cooler is optimized. The influence of various parameters on oil temperature of hydraulic system is analyzed. In this paper, the problems existing in the hydraulic system of the ultra-high pressure water jet device are studied by combining theoretical analysis with simulation analysis. Based on the theoretical analysis, the mathematical models of the water jet system of the double turbocharger, the kinematics model of the hydraulic supercharger and the thermal analysis model of the hydraulic system are established, respectively. Then MATLAB software is used to simulate and analyze the outlet pressure of the water jet system of the double turbocharger, the numerical analysis of the differential equation of motion in the supercharger and the simulation calculation of the oil temperature of the hydraulic system. The results show that the delay time has a great influence on the pressure fluctuation of the water jet system of the two-group turbocharger, and there is the best delay time value to minimize the fluctuation of the outlet pressure under the condition of other influencing factors. The main factors affecting the efficiency of supercharger are damping coefficient, volume of high pressure pipeline between supercharger and unidirectional valve, reversing time of reversing valve, return pressure of water jet system, etc. When the hydraulic system of the ultra-high pressure water jet device is in two different working states, the refrigerating capacity of the cooler required by the system is quite different. The effective volume and ambient temperature of the tank have great influence on the oil temperature of the hydraulic system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH137

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