高負荷氦氣壓氣機設計與改進研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 06:19
【摘要】：近年來,國際上提出了“第四代先進核能系統(tǒng)”的概念,這種核能系統(tǒng)具有良好的固有安全性,在經濟上能夠和其它發(fā)電方式競爭,并具有建設期短等優(yōu)點。高溫氣冷堆是最有希望成為第四代先進核能系統(tǒng)的技術之一。高溫氣冷堆氦氣輪機是高溫堆的關鍵設備,而氦氣壓氣機的氣動設計是難點之一 本文以日本300MW高溫堆中的氦氣壓氣機總體參數為目標,應用CFD軟件進行數值模擬開發(fā)氦氣擴壓葉柵,研究氦氣壓氣機氣動設計特點和氣體動力學方面的基本特性。分析氦氣壓氣機重要設計參數的選取,并通過厚度分布疊加于中弧線,二次多項式控制中弧線折轉規(guī)律,四次多項式控制厚度分布規(guī)律,四次多項式控制最大厚度位置得到初始葉型。三維數值模擬結果顯示該葉型設計方案可以達到所需的氣動設計目標。 針對氦氣壓氣機單級壓比小、級數多的特點,研究高負荷設計方案。采用大流量系數、大載荷系數、高反動度措施,數值模擬分析該高負荷氦氣葉柵的氣動性能和流場特點。針對高負荷帶來的嚴重三維分離特點,采取了中弧線最大彎度位置控制、調整動葉負荷徑向分布、改變徑向相對厚度重新積疊、定制根部頂部葉型、靜葉彎曲設計等三維葉型改進和三維葉型設計技術,達到了抑制角區(qū)分離流動、減弱通道渦強度和尺寸、減小頂部間隙損失的目的,提高葉柵內流動性能,使得單級壓比由1.03提高至1.05,級數減少了6級,并在設計轉速全工況下,保證了高效率和寬的穩(wěn)定工作范圍。 針對氦氣的特殊性對某新型速度三角形進行研究,探討其應用特點,并采用數值模擬手段將該速度三角形應用于氦氣壓氣機三維葉柵中,達到進一步增加壓比的目的。研究反動度的選取對氦氣壓氣機葉柵氣動性能的影響,結果表明負荷越大,采用高反動度的優(yōu)勢越明顯。為了進一步接近設計目標,改變動葉負荷徑向分布,減少積聚于根部的低能流體；研究新型葉柵厚度對氣動性能的影響,結果表明,葉片減薄可以實現更好的擴壓,提高葉柵流動性能。新型速度三角形可以成功實現氦氣壓氣機高負荷目的,單級壓比增至1.08,級數減至6級。對比分析壓比和效率曲線,表明該新型高負荷設計在設計轉速下保證高效率和足夠的喘振裕度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the concept of "the fourth generation advanced nuclear energy system" has been put forward internationally. This nuclear energy system has the advantages of good inherent safety, economic competition with other power generation modes, and short construction period. High temperature gas-cooled reactor is one of the most promising technologies for the fourth generation advanced nuclear power system. Helium turbine is the key equipment of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR), and the aerodynamic design of Helium compressor is one of the difficulties in this paper, the overall parameters of helium compressor in 300MW high temperature reactor in Japan are taken as the target. The helium diffuser cascade was developed by numerical simulation with CFD software. The aerodynamic design characteristics of helium compressor and the basic characteristics of gas dynamics were studied. The selection of important design parameters of helium compressor is analyzed. The thickness distribution of helium compressor is superimposed on the middle arc, the curve is converted in the quadratic polynomial control, and the thickness distribution is controlled by the fourth order polynomial. The initial blade profile is obtained by controlling the maximum thickness position of the quartic polynomial. Three-dimensional numerical simulation results show that the blade profile design scheme can achieve the desired aerodynamic design objectives. Aiming at the characteristics of low single stage pressure ratio and many series of helium compressor, the design scheme of high load is studied. The aerodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of the high load helium cascade are numerically simulated by means of large flow coefficient, large load coefficient and high reaction degree. In view of the serious three dimensional separation characteristics brought by high load, the position control of maximum curvature of middle arc line is adopted, the radial distribution of moving blade load is adjusted, the relative thickness of radial blade is restacked, and the top blade shape of root is customized. Three dimensional blade shape improvement and three dimensional blade shape design technology, such as static blade bending design, can restrain the separation flow in angular region, weaken the intensity and size of channel vortex, reduce the loss of top clearance, and improve the flow performance in the cascade. The single-stage pressure ratio is increased from 1.03 to 1.05, and the series is reduced by six stages, and the high efficiency and wide stable working range are ensured under the whole operating condition of the design speed. According to the particularity of helium, a new type of velocity triangle is studied, and its application characteristics are discussed. The velocity triangle is applied to the three-dimensional cascade of helium compressor by numerical simulation to further increase the pressure ratio. The influence of reaction degree on the aerodynamic performance of helium compressor cascade is studied. The results show that the higher the load, the more obvious the advantage of high reaction degree. In order to get closer to the design goal, change the radial distribution of the moving blade load, reduce the low energy fluid accumulated at the root, the effect of the new cascade thickness on the aerodynamic performance is studied. The results show that the blade thinning can achieve better diffusing. Improved cascade fluidity. The new type of velocity triangle can successfully achieve the purpose of high load of helium compressor. The single-stage pressure ratio is increased to 1.08, and the series is reduced to 6 stage. By comparing the pressure ratio with the efficiency curve, it is shown that the new high load design ensures high efficiency and sufficient surge margin at the design speed.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH45
本文編號：2208521
[Abstract]:In recent years, the concept of "the fourth generation advanced nuclear energy system" has been put forward internationally. This nuclear energy system has the advantages of good inherent safety, economic competition with other power generation modes, and short construction period. High temperature gas-cooled reactor is one of the most promising technologies for the fourth generation advanced nuclear power system. Helium turbine is the key equipment of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR), and the aerodynamic design of Helium compressor is one of the difficulties in this paper, the overall parameters of helium compressor in 300MW high temperature reactor in Japan are taken as the target. The helium diffuser cascade was developed by numerical simulation with CFD software. The aerodynamic design characteristics of helium compressor and the basic characteristics of gas dynamics were studied. The selection of important design parameters of helium compressor is analyzed. The thickness distribution of helium compressor is superimposed on the middle arc, the curve is converted in the quadratic polynomial control, and the thickness distribution is controlled by the fourth order polynomial. The initial blade profile is obtained by controlling the maximum thickness position of the quartic polynomial. Three-dimensional numerical simulation results show that the blade profile design scheme can achieve the desired aerodynamic design objectives. Aiming at the characteristics of low single stage pressure ratio and many series of helium compressor, the design scheme of high load is studied. The aerodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of the high load helium cascade are numerically simulated by means of large flow coefficient, large load coefficient and high reaction degree. In view of the serious three dimensional separation characteristics brought by high load, the position control of maximum curvature of middle arc line is adopted, the radial distribution of moving blade load is adjusted, the relative thickness of radial blade is restacked, and the top blade shape of root is customized. Three dimensional blade shape improvement and three dimensional blade shape design technology, such as static blade bending design, can restrain the separation flow in angular region, weaken the intensity and size of channel vortex, reduce the loss of top clearance, and improve the flow performance in the cascade. The single-stage pressure ratio is increased from 1.03 to 1.05, and the series is reduced by six stages, and the high efficiency and wide stable working range are ensured under the whole operating condition of the design speed. According to the particularity of helium, a new type of velocity triangle is studied, and its application characteristics are discussed. The velocity triangle is applied to the three-dimensional cascade of helium compressor by numerical simulation to further increase the pressure ratio. The influence of reaction degree on the aerodynamic performance of helium compressor cascade is studied. The results show that the higher the load, the more obvious the advantage of high reaction degree. In order to get closer to the design goal, change the radial distribution of the moving blade load, reduce the low energy fluid accumulated at the root, the effect of the new cascade thickness on the aerodynamic performance is studied. The results show that the blade thinning can achieve better diffusing. Improved cascade fluidity. The new type of velocity triangle can successfully achieve the purpose of high load of helium compressor. The single-stage pressure ratio is increased to 1.08, and the series is reduced to 6 stage. By comparing the pressure ratio with the efficiency curve, it is shown that the new high load design ensures high efficiency and sufficient surge margin at the design speed.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH45
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