【摘要】：Halbach陣列同心式磁力齒輪依靠磁場作用傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，其輸入和輸出之間非接觸性傳遞使它具有轉(zhuǎn)矩密度高、運(yùn)行效率高和過載保護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。此種磁力齒輪內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)子采用同心式結(jié)構(gòu)，有效地提高了永磁體的利用率，其轉(zhuǎn)矩密度和運(yùn)行效率較傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)有較大的提高，因此具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。 本課題是國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“磁通解耦型磁力變速永磁無刷電機(jī)研究”(51177097)的研究內(nèi)容之一，，對新型結(jié)構(gòu)的磁力傳動(dòng)裝置進(jìn)行研究。 本文采用矢量磁位全局解析法對Halbach陣列同心式磁力齒輪展開研究，具體做了以下幾方面的研究： 第一，采用二維全局解析法計(jì)算同心式磁力齒輪氣隙磁場。求解場域劃分為內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體、內(nèi)外兩層氣隙和調(diào)磁定子的槽形區(qū)域，3類子區(qū)域的拉普拉斯方程和泊松方程通過邊界連續(xù)條件建立聯(lián)系。得到內(nèi)外兩層氣隙區(qū)域的矢量磁位磁通密度解析表達(dá)式，計(jì)算了內(nèi)、外兩層氣隙磁場；利用Maxwell應(yīng)力張量法計(jì)算了內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)子電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩；將氣隙磁場波形和內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)子電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩波形分別與二維有限元FEMM軟件計(jì)算波形作比較，兩者結(jié)果一致性好；在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析了兩層氣隙的諧波磁場和電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的靜態(tài)特性。 第二，根據(jù)Halbach陣列充磁原理，推導(dǎo)出Halbach陣列充磁下的數(shù)學(xué)模型，也是采用全局解析法計(jì)算Halbach陣列同心式磁力齒輪內(nèi)、外氣隙磁場及其轉(zhuǎn)矩，分析對比了兩種充磁方式下磁力線的分布，將全局解析法計(jì)算結(jié)果與有限元軟件FEMM計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較；同時(shí)也對兩種充磁方式下氣隙諧波大小和轉(zhuǎn)矩做了比較。兩種充磁方式下計(jì)算的波形與有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果的吻合也為磁力齒輪的參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第三，從提高磁力齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩密度出發(fā)，首次將MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱中的遺傳算法運(yùn)用到磁力齒輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中，在優(yōu)化的過程中，不再進(jìn)行人工干預(yù)，較有限元法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方便、快捷。根據(jù)所選模型的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，選取對優(yōu)化目標(biāo)影響較大的參數(shù)作為優(yōu)化變量，選擇合適的算子及概率，同時(shí)根據(jù)各參數(shù)和靜態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)矩之間的關(guān)系確定各參數(shù)的取值范圍；用全局解析法計(jì)算優(yōu)化后磁力齒輪電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩，并且與磁力齒輪優(yōu)化前電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩作比較，結(jié)果明顯優(yōu)于優(yōu)化前，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，該優(yōu)化算法是正確的和有效的。 第四，根據(jù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，畫出圖紙，制造了一臺(tái)傳動(dòng)比為-4.25:1的Halbach陣列同心式磁力齒輪，磁力齒輪的鐵損耗是其主要損耗，空載試驗(yàn)對其鐵損耗進(jìn)行了分析；而負(fù)載試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行的是磁力齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置在某一固定轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)，整個(gè)負(fù)載區(qū)間磁力齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置的傳遞效率問題。從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果看，樣機(jī)的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩密度和傳遞效率均較高，具有推廣應(yīng)用的價(jià)值。 同心式磁力齒輪在采用Halbach陣列充磁方式下，氣隙磁場相互迭加使得一側(cè)的磁場強(qiáng)度大幅度提升，可以提高轉(zhuǎn)矩密度；并且氣隙磁場正弦分布程度較高，諧波含量小。為研究低轉(zhuǎn)速大轉(zhuǎn)矩磁力齒輪復(fù)合電機(jī)提供了可能。
[Abstract]:Halbach array concentric magnetic gears rely on magnetic field to transfer torque. The non-contact transmission between input and output makes them have the advantages of high torque density, high operating efficiency and overload protection. Compared with the traditional structure, it has greatly improved, so it has a good application prospect.
This subject is one of the research contents of the National Natural Science Foundation project "Research on Flux Decoupling Magnetic Variable Speed Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor" (51177097).
In this paper, the vector magnetic potential global analytic method is used to study the Halbach array concentric magnetic gear.
Firstly, the air gap magnetic field of concentric magnetic gear is calculated by two-dimensional global analytic method. The field is divided into three parts: inner and outer rotor permanent magnet, inner and outer air gap and slot region of magnetic stator, Laplace equation and Poisson equation of three sub-regions are connected by boundary continuity condition. The air gap magnetic field and the electromagnetic torque of the rotor are calculated by Maxwell stress tensor method. The air gap magnetic field waveform and the electromagnetic torque waveform of the rotor are compared with the waveform calculated by FEMM software. The results of the two layers are in good agreement. The harmonic magnetic field of air gap and the static characteristics of electromagnetic torque.
Secondly, according to the principle of Halbach array magnetization, the mathematical model of Halbach array magnetization is deduced, and the magnetic field and torque of inner and outer air gap of Halbach array concentric magnetic gear are calculated by global analytic method. The distribution of magnetic force lines under two kinds of magnetization methods is analyzed and compared. The results of global analytic method and FEMM are compared. The results are compared, and the air gap harmonic magnitude and torque under the two kinds of magnetization are compared. The waveforms calculated under the two kinds of magnetization agree well with the results calculated by finite element method, which lays a foundation for the parameter optimization design of magnetic gear.
Thirdly, in order to improve the torque density of magnetic gears, the genetic algorithm in MATLAB optimization toolbox is applied to the optimization design of magnetic gears for the first time. In the process of optimization, there is no artificial intervention, which is more convenient and fast than the optimization design of finite element method. As optimization variables, appropriate operators and probabilities are selected, and the range of parameters is determined according to the relationship between parameters and static torque. The electromagnetic torque of the optimized magnetic gear is calculated by global analytic method, and compared with the electromagnetic torque of the magnetic gear before optimization, the result is obviously better than that before optimization. The calculation results show that the optimization is superior to that before optimization. The algorithm is correct and effective.
Fourthly, according to the optimized design parameters, a Halbach array concentric magnetic gear with a transmission ratio of -4.25:1 is manufactured. The iron loss of the magnetic gear is the main loss, and the iron loss is analyzed by the no-load test. The load test is carried out in the whole load range of the magnetic gear transmission device at a fixed speed. From the experimental results, the electromagnetic torque density and transmission efficiency of the prototype are both higher, which is worthy of popularization and application.
In the case of concentric magnetic gears with Halbach arrays, the air-gap magnetic field overlaps with each other, which greatly improves the magnetic field strength on one side and increases the torque density; moreover, the air-gap magnetic field has higher sinusoidal distribution and lower harmonic content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41;TM351

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