【摘要】：離心風(fēng)機是將機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為氣體的壓力能，提高氣體壓力并排送氣體的機械。離心風(fēng)機廣泛應(yīng)用于礦業(yè)、建筑、鋼鐵、發(fā)電和農(nóng)業(yè)等國民生產(chǎn)生活領(lǐng)域。葉輪和葉片是離心風(fēng)機的重要工作部件，它的強度影響風(fēng)機的安全運行，其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)決定風(fēng)機的性能。傳統(tǒng)方法計算葉輪和葉片的應(yīng)力比實際值小，設(shè)計出來的風(fēng)機會出現(xiàn)事故。離心風(fēng)機設(shè)計時較多的采用相似設(shè)計法，沒有優(yōu)化風(fēng)機的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，使風(fēng)機性能不夠理想。本文運用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法對葉輪和葉片進行強度計算、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化和流場模擬，為離心風(fēng)機的設(shè)計和改進提供參考。 （1）以油菜籽分選機上用的離心風(fēng)機為研究對象，根據(jù)風(fēng)機各零件的制造圖紙，利用Pro/E分別建立了離心風(fēng)機及其零部件的三維實體模型和風(fēng)機內(nèi)流場流道的三維模型。 （2）借助有限元分析軟件ANSYS對葉輪進行靜力分析，得到葉輪的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變分布云圖。將有限元分析結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)計算方法結(jié)果對比，驗證了傳統(tǒng)計算方法的局限性。兩種計算方法都表明該風(fēng)機葉輪滿足強度條件，，但有限元分析結(jié)果更接近于實際。 （3）利用ANSYS對葉輪進行了模態(tài)分析，得到葉輪的前八階固有頻率和對應(yīng)的振型圖。葉輪的干擾頻率小于葉輪的各階固有頻率，因此葉輪不會發(fā)生共振。 （4）建立了以風(fēng)機在設(shè)計流量下的流力損失最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù)，葉輪部分結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為變量的優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型，借助MATLAB軟件的優(yōu)化工具箱對葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化，得到最小流力損失和此時的葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，將流力損失由110.13Pa減小為75.51Pa。優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明將優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法運用于風(fēng)機設(shè)計中可以有效提高風(fēng)機性能。 （5）利用CFD軟件FLUENT對離心風(fēng)機內(nèi)部流場進行了數(shù)值模擬，得到了風(fēng)機內(nèi)部流場各個部分的壓力云圖和速度矢量圖。通過速度矢量圖了解風(fēng)機內(nèi)空氣流動情況，通過壓力云圖可以預(yù)測風(fēng)機的實際性能。計算結(jié)果可以為風(fēng)機設(shè)計及改進提供參考。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal fan is a machine that converts mechanical energy into gas pressure energy and increases gas pressure. Centrifugal fans are widely used in mining, construction, steel, power generation and agriculture and other areas of national production and life. Impeller and blade are important working parts of centrifugal fan, its strength affects the safe operation of fan, and its structural parameters determine the performance of fan. The traditional method for calculating the stress of impeller and blade is smaller than the actual value. In the design of centrifugal fan, the similar design method is often used, and the relevant structural parameters of the fan are not optimized, so the performance of the fan is not ideal. In this paper, the strength calculation, structural parameter optimization and flow field simulation of impeller and blade are carried out by using modern design method, which provides a reference for the design and improvement of centrifugal fan. (1) the centrifugal fan used in rapeseed separator is taken as the research object. According to the manufacturing drawings of each part of the fan, the three-dimensional solid model of centrifugal fan and its components and the three-dimensional model of the flow field in the fan are established by using Pro/E. (2) the static analysis of impeller is carried out by means of the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The distribution of stress and strain of impeller is obtained. The limitation of the traditional method is verified by comparing the results of finite element analysis with those of the traditional method. Both methods show that the fan impeller satisfies the strength condition, but the finite element analysis results are closer to reality. (3) Modal analysis of impeller is carried out by using ANSYS, and the first eight natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of impeller are obtained. The disturbance frequency of impeller is smaller than the inherent frequency of impeller, so the impeller will not resonate. (4) the objective function is to minimize the flow loss of fan under the design flow rate. In this paper, the optimal mathematical model of impeller structural parameters is obtained by using the optimization toolbox of MATLAB software. The minimum fluid force loss and the impeller structural parameters are obtained, and the fluid loss is reduced from 110.13Pa to 75.51Pa. The optimization results show that the application of optimal design method to fan design can effectively improve the performance of fan. (5) the flow field of centrifugal fan is numerically simulated by using CFD software FLUENT. The pressure cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram of each part of the flow field in the fan are obtained. The air flow in the fan can be understood by velocity vector chart and the actual performance of the fan can be predicted by the pressure cloud diagram. The results can provide reference for fan design and improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH432

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