【摘要】：往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)主要包括：活塞式壓縮機(jī),柱塞式壓縮機(jī),其中以活塞式壓縮機(jī)的應(yīng)用最為廣泛�；钊綁嚎s機(jī)是靠一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)活塞通過(guò)在密閉容器中的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)壓縮氣體的一種壓縮機(jī)。由于活塞式壓縮機(jī)周期性的吸氣、排氣,產(chǎn)生了氣流的脈動(dòng),氣流脈動(dòng)對(duì)壓縮機(jī)管道產(chǎn)生壓力很大的撞擊,致使管道產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)。振動(dòng)對(duì)壓縮機(jī)的危害很大,能使儀表失靈,降低氣閥的靈敏度,降低壓縮機(jī)的容積效率。劇烈的管道振動(dòng)會(huì)造成有毒有害氣體泄漏,甚至爆炸,嚴(yán)重危害人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。因此,研究活塞式壓縮機(jī)管系振動(dòng)問(wèn)題,并提出防振措施具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義。 本文首先應(yīng)用工程實(shí)踐中常用的激發(fā)主頻率計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算出壓縮機(jī)的激發(fā)主頻率。再應(yīng)用Pro/engineer建立壓縮機(jī)的管系結(jié)構(gòu)圖,將管系分為四段相互獨(dú)立的管段,導(dǎo)入ansys10.0對(duì)管系中的氣柱進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得出氣柱的工作頻率。然后,應(yīng)用ansys10.0分別對(duì)四段管系進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得出其前10階固有頻率和振型圖。為了使激發(fā)頻率、氣柱工作頻率和管系的固有頻率不在共振區(qū),通過(guò)改進(jìn)管系的結(jié)構(gòu)使管系的固有頻率遠(yuǎn)離氣柱工作頻率,避免管系和氣柱的共振。通過(guò)增設(shè)管系支架和改善管道結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改變管系的固有頻率,使其遠(yuǎn)離激發(fā)頻率區(qū),為優(yōu)化管道提供可靠的理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)增設(shè)氣流孔板使氣柱的工作頻率遠(yuǎn)離激發(fā)頻率。 對(duì)管道進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析,通過(guò)模擬實(shí)際情況,加載相應(yīng)的載荷,應(yīng)用ansys進(jìn)行計(jì)算,得出管系振動(dòng)的結(jié)果,并得出振動(dòng)位移較大處的位移圖像,在此處添加相應(yīng)的支架和孔板等約束,改善振動(dòng)情況。再進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,使其滿足振動(dòng)的允許值。 最后,提出了在管道設(shè)計(jì)中消減氣流脈動(dòng)、設(shè)置緩沖器和孔板,避免管道和氣柱共振等防振減震措施。這些措施和方法不僅在設(shè)計(jì)階段可以應(yīng)用,而且在壓縮機(jī)正常工作期間,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)問(wèn)題時(shí)可以做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,具有很重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Reciprocating compressors include piston compressors and plunger compressors, among which piston compressors are the most widely used. A piston compressor is a compressor that compresses gas by one or more pistons through reciprocating motion in a closed vessel. Due to the periodic suction and exhaust of the piston compressor, the pulsation of the air flow produces a great impact on the compressor pipeline, resulting in the vibration of the pipeline. Vibration is very harmful to the compressor, which can make the instrument fail, reduce the sensitivity of the valve and reduce the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Violent pipe vibration will cause toxic and harmful gas leakage, even explosion, seriously endangering the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the vibration of piston compressor and put forward the anti-vibration measures. In this paper, the excitation main frequency of compressor is calculated by using the calculation formula of excitation main frequency which is commonly used in engineering practice. Then Pro/engineer is used to establish the structure diagram of the compressor system, and the pipe system is divided into four independent sections. The modal analysis of the gas column in the pipeline system is carried out by introducing ansys10.0, and the working frequency of the gas column is obtained. Then, the modal analysis of the four-section tube system is carried out by ansys10.0, and the first 10 natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. In order to make the excitation frequency, the operating frequency of the gas column and the natural frequency of the pipe system are not in the resonance region, the natural frequency of the pipe system can be separated from the operating frequency of the gas column by improving the structure of the pipe system, and the resonance of the pipe system and the gas column can be avoided. By adding pipe support and improving pipeline structure, the natural frequency of pipe system is changed, which is far from the excitation frequency region, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the optimization of pipeline. The working frequency of the gas column is far from the excitation frequency by adding air orifice plate. The harmonic response of the pipeline is analyzed. By simulating the actual situation, loading the corresponding load, using ansys to calculate, the result of the pipe system vibration is obtained, and the displacement image where the vibration displacement is large is obtained. Add appropriate support and hole plate constraints here to improve vibration. Then analysis and calculation are carried out to make it meet the allowable value of vibration. Finally, some measures are put forward, such as reducing the flow pulsation in the pipeline design, setting the buffer and orifice plate, avoiding the resonance of the pipeline and the gas column, and so on. These measures and methods can be applied not only in the design stage, but also in the normal operation of the compressor, when the corresponding problems can be adjusted accordingly, it is of great practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH45

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本文編號(hào)：2167611