【摘要】：垃圾中轉(zhuǎn)是城市生活垃圾處理過程中的一個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，垃圾壓塊機(jī)則是垃圾中轉(zhuǎn)站中對生活垃圾進(jìn)行壓縮減容處理的重要設(shè)備。本課題以平臺式垃圾壓塊機(jī)為研究對象，旨在對老舊結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改良，同時對設(shè)備的液壓系統(tǒng)和電氣控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計,增強(qiáng)整體設(shè)備的實用性和自動化水平。不僅提高了垃圾運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)效率，降低了勞動成本，而且能夠避免垃圾運(yùn)輸中的二次污染，保護(hù)環(huán)境。 本課題主要解決三個方面的問題，即垃圾壓塊機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計、液壓控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計部分，針對現(xiàn)有垃圾壓塊機(jī)上料困難、壓縮不徹底、后期難清理等問題對其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計，確定垃圾壓塊機(jī)為平臺式結(jié)構(gòu)，采用垂直式壓縮。此外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上對各組成部分進(jìn)行受力分析和應(yīng)力校核，確保結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和實用性。 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計部分，，根據(jù)垃圾壓塊機(jī)的工作情況，分析動作需求，確定液壓回路，完成液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計并繪制液壓原理圖。同時對液壓系統(tǒng)的主要元件以及相關(guān)輔件進(jìn)行選型計算和校核。 電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計部分，采用PLC作為控制器，完成垃圾壓塊機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計及系統(tǒng)調(diào)試。主要包括確定系統(tǒng)的電氣硬件組成方案，繪制電氣控制電路圖，對主要的電氣元件進(jìn)行選型；完成PLC的選型、I/O地址分配等硬件設(shè)計；編制系統(tǒng)流程圖及梯形圖，并對程序編譯及調(diào)試。經(jīng)過調(diào)試后，程序達(dá)到了預(yù)定的控制要求。 此外，在上位機(jī)中利用組態(tài)軟件WinCC開發(fā)出友好的用戶監(jiān)控界面。在WinCC平臺下將設(shè)備運(yùn)行參數(shù)以實時記錄，更好地反映系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況以及監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，為設(shè)備維護(hù)和生產(chǎn)管理提供實時、可靠的決策依據(jù)。 最后，關(guān)于進(jìn)一步工作的方向進(jìn)行了簡要的討論。
[Abstract]:Refuse transfer is a key link in the process of municipal solid waste disposal, and the garbage press is an important equipment for reducing the capacity of domestic waste in the refuse transfer station. The purpose of this paper is to improve the old structure, design the hydraulic system and electrical control system of the equipment, and enhance the practicability and automation level of the whole equipment. It not only improves the efficiency of garbage operation, reduces the labor cost, but also avoids the secondary pollution in garbage transportation and protects the environment. This paper mainly solves three problems, that is, the optimization design of the whole structure of garbage press, the design of hydraulic control system and the design of electric control system. In the part of mechanical structure design, aiming at the problems of difficult loading, incomplete compression and difficult cleaning in the later stage, the structure of the garbage press is optimized, and the garbage press is determined to be a platform structure, and the vertical compression is adopted. In addition, on the basis of the structure, the stress analysis and stress check are carried out to ensure the accuracy and practicability of the structure. In the part of hydraulic system design, according to the working condition of garbage press, the operation requirement is analyzed, the hydraulic circuit is determined, the hydraulic system design is completed and the hydraulic principle diagram is drawn. At the same time, the main components of hydraulic system and related accessories are selected and checked. In the part of electrical control system design, PLC is used as controller to design and debug the control system of garbage press. It mainly includes determining the electrical hardware composition scheme of the system, drawing the electric control circuit diagram, selecting the main electrical components, completing the hardware design of PLC selection / I / O address assignment, compiling the system flow chart and trapezoid diagram, And the program compilation and debugging. After debugging, the program meets the scheduled control requirements. In addition, a friendly user monitoring interface is developed by using configuration software WinCC in the upper computer. The operating parameters of the equipment are recorded in real time on the WinCC platform, which can better reflect the running situation of the system and monitor the running state of the system, and provide a real-time and reliable decision basis for the maintenance and production management of the equipment. Finally, the direction of further work is briefly discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP273;TU993.3;TH69

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