【摘要】：車輛在行駛過(guò)程中的振動(dòng)噪聲特性直接影響到司乘人員的舒適性,并涉及其動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的發(fā)揮,影響到零部件的使用壽命。因此它是同類車輛在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中爭(zhēng)取優(yōu)勢(shì)的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。各種車輛結(jié)構(gòu)不同、使用環(huán)境不同、作業(yè)對(duì)象不同,影響車輛振動(dòng)的因素也不同。不同于汽車等運(yùn)輸車輛通過(guò)彈性減振懸架懸掛,叉車的車架與車橋、傳動(dòng)裝置等是直接剛性連接在一起的。由此而導(dǎo)致叉車的振動(dòng)與噪聲問(wèn)題尤為突出。雖然各叉車制造企業(yè)已采取了多種方法,比如在連接部件間設(shè)置減振墊減少振動(dòng)的傳播,但由于沒(méi)有正確掌握減振技術(shù)使得應(yīng)用效果并不明顯。有的產(chǎn)品甚至與不加減振墊的情況基本相同,振動(dòng)、噪聲問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有改善。因此,應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的分析手段對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行全面的振動(dòng)特性研究,進(jìn)而采取正確的減振措施才是解決問(wèn)題,避免盲目性的根本途徑。 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容是企業(yè)科研項(xiàng)目《叉車減振降噪整機(jī)綜合治理應(yīng)用研究》最核心的部分。本課題研究的目的是為了掌握一套系統(tǒng)的,基于有限元方法的叉車整車建模和振動(dòng)分析、控制的方法,提高企業(yè)的自主開發(fā)能力和產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 對(duì)叉車振動(dòng)的分析,首先是建立一個(gè)有效準(zhǔn)確的有限元模型。為此,本文對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)的研究成果進(jìn)行了全面的分析,為了建立一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確而有效的有限元模型,將義車分為幾個(gè)部分,根據(jù)各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),用不同類型的網(wǎng)格來(lái)劃分單元,并在各部件進(jìn)行初步計(jì)算后,建立整車有限元模型。 研究中通過(guò)改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與車架的匹配參數(shù),對(duì)車架系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算模態(tài)分析,掌握了車架系統(tǒng)的固有頻率和固有振型。通過(guò)對(duì)整車模型的模態(tài)分析獲得了整車結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)特性,并掌握了其結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。通過(guò)模擬發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要激勵(lì)源二級(jí)往復(fù)慣性力對(duì)整車模型的作用,對(duì)整車關(guān)鍵位置進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)響應(yīng)計(jì)算預(yù)測(cè)。為了驗(yàn)證有限元分析預(yù)測(cè)的正確性,對(duì)叉車整車進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)測(cè)試試驗(yàn),取得了較理想的結(jié)果。 根據(jù)整車有限元振動(dòng)分析的結(jié)果,對(duì)叉車進(jìn)行了減振措施研究。經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)計(jì)算和整體優(yōu)化,提出了最終的減振設(shè)計(jì)方案。其中包括車架與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)匹配、方向盤匹配、左右箱體匹配等設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)措施。這些措施已進(jìn)入工程實(shí)施階段。
[Abstract]:The vibration and noise characteristics of the vehicle in the driving process directly affect the comfort of the riders, and the exertion of its power and economy, as well as the service life of the parts and components. Therefore, it is the same kind of vehicle in the market competition for an important index. Different kinds of vehicles have different structures, different environment, different objects of operation, and different factors affecting vehicle vibration. Different from the suspension of the vehicle by elastic vibration absorption suspension, the frame of the forklift truck is connected with the axle and the transmission device directly and rigidly. As a result, the vibration and noise of forklift truck are especially prominent. Although forklift manufacturers have adopted many methods, such as setting damping pads between connecting parts to reduce vibration propagation, the application effect is not obvious due to the lack of correct vibration absorption technology. Some products are even the same as no damping pad, vibration, noise problems have not improved. Therefore, it is the fundamental way to solve the problem and avoid blindness by using advanced analytical methods to study the vibration characteristics of the products and then take the correct vibration reduction measures. The research content of this paper is the core part of the enterprise scientific research project "Research on the application of the whole machine for vibration and noise reduction of forklift truck". The purpose of this research is to master a set of systematic, finite element method based forklift vehicle modeling and vibration analysis, control methods to improve the independent development ability of enterprises and product competitiveness. In the analysis of forklift vibration, an effective and accurate finite element model is established. In order to establish an accurate and effective finite element model, the vehicle is divided into several parts, according to the structural characteristics of each part. Different types of meshes are used to divide the elements, and after the initial calculation of each component, the finite element model of the whole vehicle is established. By changing the matching parameters of the engine and the frame, the modal analysis of the frame system is carried out, and the natural frequency and mode shape of the frame system are grasped. Through modal analysis of the whole vehicle model, the vibration characteristics of the whole vehicle structure are obtained, and the dynamic characteristics of the structure are grasped. By simulating the effect of the two-stage reciprocating inertial force on the vehicle model, the vibration response of the key position of the vehicle is calculated and predicted. In order to verify the correctness of finite element analysis and prediction, the vibration test of forklift truck was carried out, and the satisfactory results were obtained. According to the results of finite element vibration analysis, the vibration reduction measures of forklift truck are studied. After repeated calculation and overall optimization, the final design scheme of vibration absorption is put forward. Including frame and engine matching, steering wheel matching, left and right box matching and other design improvement measures. These measures have entered the stage of project implementation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH242

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本文編號(hào)：2121020