本文選題：葉片泵 + 軸面流道��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)是整個(gè)泵水力設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)和重要組成部分,本文對葉片泵軸面流道的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究。首先簡要論述了離心泵軸面流道的設(shè)計(jì)思想、設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),首次從幾何描述體系這一新的角度對文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)的眾多軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)方法加以歸納總結(jié),最終把幾何問題還原為流動(dòng)問題并評價(jià)不同幾何方法的優(yōu)劣；提出基于過流面積計(jì)算的一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)方法所應(yīng)滿足的三個(gè)必要條件,并藉此提出本課題的研究內(nèi)容。 首次提出基于中軸變換的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)以葉片泵為代表的透平機(jī)械軸面流道反設(shè)計(jì)�；谥休S變換完成了軸面流道前后蓋板型線的統(tǒng)一數(shù)學(xué)描述,給出了相應(yīng)的矢量表達(dá)式和標(biāo)量表達(dá)式；藉此推導(dǎo)出圓弧假設(shè)下的過流面積的近似解析表達(dá)式和精確解析式,并基于泰勒展開對這兩種計(jì)算公式的一致程度加以分析,指出兩者的近似條件；通過對過流面積計(jì)算公式的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)基于過流面積的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)中只存在兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的變量,因而需要給出兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的方程,其中一個(gè)方程由期望的過流面積分布方程(目標(biāo)方程)給出,而另一方程則由約束方程給出；為方便施加基于幾何或流動(dòng)的約束,推導(dǎo)出軸面型線的曲率方程,分別給出曲率形式和笛卡爾形式的幾何約束表達(dá)式；基于流動(dòng)分析,給出壓力平衡通道的約束表達(dá)式,并建立了約束的普遍形式；從而建立了基于中軸變換的軸面流道的設(shè)計(jì)體系。 提出了基于中軸變換的軸面流道統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)軸面流道全尺寸的統(tǒng)計(jì)。傳統(tǒng)的軸面流道形狀統(tǒng)計(jì)方法無法做到整個(gè)軸面流道全尺寸的統(tǒng)計(jì),雖得以窺探軸面流道隨比轉(zhuǎn)速的大體變化規(guī)律,但其中變化的細(xì)節(jié)仍未可知。本文突破了傳統(tǒng)軸面流道統(tǒng)計(jì)方法中只關(guān)注具體某幾個(gè)尺寸的思維限制,將前后蓋板型線的統(tǒng)計(jì)通過中軸變換轉(zhuǎn)換為等價(jià)變量的統(tǒng)計(jì)；通過一個(gè)泵型統(tǒng)計(jì)實(shí)例從統(tǒng)計(jì)樣本、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律和基于泵型統(tǒng)計(jì)的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)這四個(gè)方面對首次由作者提出的基于中軸變換的軸面流道統(tǒng)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了介紹。發(fā)現(xiàn)所統(tǒng)計(jì)的泵型中內(nèi)切圓圓心軌跡和半徑都是光滑的曲線,沒有明顯特征,但a和θ分布曲線呈現(xiàn)出明顯的分段特征,且每一段都可由直線或拋物線很好地?cái)M合；因此通過對α和θ曲線各段擬合系數(shù)及間段點(diǎn)的統(tǒng)計(jì),經(jīng)反變換完成對前后蓋板型線全尺寸的統(tǒng)計(jì)；在統(tǒng)計(jì)中采用了無量綱處理技術(shù)和平均化技術(shù),以減小樣本的選擇帶來的統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差。 研究了基于過流斷面的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)�；谶^流斷面的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)是在一系列假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的,首次通過平均軸面速度的設(shè)計(jì)分布與CFD計(jì)算分布的對比開展設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的研究；從不同方面對比了平均軸面速度的期望分布、設(shè)計(jì)分布、經(jīng)厚度修正的設(shè)計(jì)分布、經(jīng)面積平均的計(jì)算分布、經(jīng)流量平均的計(jì)算分布,分析了這些假設(shè)的適用情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)在葉片安裝角設(shè)計(jì)得較為合理的情況下,在設(shè)計(jì)工況下軸面流道的一維流動(dòng)假設(shè)即便對高比轉(zhuǎn)速混流泵也是適用的；2)葉片厚度在軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)中不應(yīng)忽略,可通過引入葉片厚度引起的流道阻塞系數(shù),對過流面積進(jìn)行修正；3)對可壓縮氣體,可引入反映當(dāng)?shù)貕嚎s程度的系數(shù)對平均軸面速度進(jìn)行修正；4)過流斷面的圓弧假設(shè)即便對高比轉(zhuǎn)速混流泵也是適用的。 開展了基于中軸變換的核主泵葉輪和導(dǎo)葉軸面流道一體化設(shè)計(jì)研究。以AP1000核主泵水力參數(shù)為例,介紹了基于中軸變換的核主泵葉輪和導(dǎo)葉軸面流道一體化設(shè)計(jì)流程,分別開展了不考慮葉片厚度的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)和考慮葉片厚度的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì),表明：1)不考慮葉片厚度的設(shè)計(jì),軸面速度CFD計(jì)算分布在葉輪和導(dǎo)葉葉片進(jìn)出口邊存在較大的速度突變；2)考慮葉片厚度的設(shè)計(jì),能很好抑制葉輪和導(dǎo)葉葉片進(jìn)出口邊的軸面速度突變；3)軸面速度在葉片進(jìn)出口邊的突變對水力效率影響不顯著；4)通過CFD計(jì)算分布與設(shè)計(jì)分布的對比,可定量評判葉片安裝角設(shè)計(jì)的合理程度；5)本文提出的基于中軸變換的軸面流道設(shè)計(jì)方法能很好地應(yīng)用于核主泵葉輪和導(dǎo)葉軸面流道的設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:The design of axial flow channel of vane pump is studied in this paper . First of all , the design idea and design goal of axial flow channel of centrifugal pump are discussed . First , the design method of axial flow channel in the literature is summarized from this new angle of geometry description system . Finally , the geometric problems are reduced to flow problems and the advantages and disadvantages of different geometric methods are evaluated .
In this paper , three necessary conditions for designing an excellent axial flow path design method based on over - flow area calculation are presented , and the research contents of this subject are proposed .

The design method of axial flow channel based on mid - axis transformation is proposed for the first time , and the inverse design of axial flow channel of turbine machinery represented by vane pump is realized . The uniform mathematical description of the front and rear cover plate line of axial flow channel is completed based on the middle axis transformation , and the corresponding vector expression and scalar expression are given .
The approximate analytical expression and exact analytic formula of the over - flow area under the assumption of circular arc are derived , and the consistency degree of these two formulas is analyzed based on Taylor expansion , and the approximate conditions are pointed out .
It is found that only two independent variables exist in the design of the axial flow path based on the over - flow area , and two independent equations are given . One of the equations is given by the expected flow area distribution equation ( objective equation ) , while the other equation is given by the constraint equation ;
In order to facilitate the application of geometric or flow - based constraints , the curvature equations of the axial line are derived , and the geometric constraint expressions in the form of curvature and Cartesian form are given .
Based on the flow analysis , the constraint expression of the pressure balance channel is given , and the general form of the constraint is established .
Therefore , the design system of axial flow channel based on middle axis transformation is established .

This paper presents a statistical method of axial flow channel statistics based on mid - axis transformation , which can be used to calculate the full - size of axial flow channel . The traditional axial flow channel shape statistics method can not be used to calculate the whole size of the axial flow channel , but the details of the variation are still unknown . The paper breaks through the thinking limitation of the specific dimensions in the traditional axial flow channel statistics method , and converts the statistics of the front and rear cover plate type lines into equivalent variables by the intermediate - axis transformation .
Based on the statistical sample , the statistical method , the statistical law and the design of the axial flow channel based on the pump - type statistics , this paper introduces the statistical method of the axial flow path based on the mid - axis transformation proposed by the author in this paper . It is found that the circular center trajectory and radius of the inscribed circle in the pump type are smooth curves and have no obvious characteristics , but the a and 胃 distribution curves show obvious segmentation characteristics , and each segment can be well fitted by a straight line or a parabola ;
Therefore , through the statistics of the fitting coefficient and the inter - segment point of each segment of the alpha and theta curves , statistics of the full - size of the front and rear cover plate type lines are completed through inverse transformation ;
Nondimensional processing techniques and averaging techniques are used in statistics to reduce the statistical errors caused by the selection of samples .

On the basis of a series of assumptions , the design basis for the first pass of the design distribution of the average axial velocity and the distribution of CFD calculation is studied .
The expectation distribution , design distribution , design distribution of the average axial surface velocity , the calculation distribution of the area average , the calculation distribution of the flow average and the calculation distribution of the flow average are compared from the different aspects , and the application of these assumptions is analyzed through the calculation of the flow average .
2 ) the blade thickness should not be neglected in the design of the axial flow passage , and the flow passage blocking coefficient caused by the thickness of the blade can be introduced , and the over - flow area is corrected ;
3 ) the average axial surface velocity can be corrected by introducing a coefficient reflecting the local compression degree to the compressible gas ;
4 ) Circular arc assumption of over - current cross section is applicable even for high specific speed mixing pump .

The integrated design of the impeller and guide vane axial flow path of the nuclear main pump based on the middle axis transformation is carried out . Taking the hydraulic parameters of the nuclear main pump of the AP1000 as an example , the design of the axial flow path based on the middle axis transformation and the axial flow channel design of the guide vane are introduced . The design of the axial flow path without considering the blade thickness and the design of the axial flow channel considering the blade thickness are carried out respectively .
2 ) considering the design of the blade thickness , the axial surface speed change of the impeller and the inlet and outlet edge of the guide vane blade can be well inhibited ;
3 ) the abrupt change of the axial surface velocity on the inlet and outlet sides of the blade is not significant to the hydraulic efficiency ;
4 ) According to the comparison between the distribution of CFD and the design distribution , the reasonable degree of the design of the blade installation angle can be quantitatively judged ;
5 ) The design method of axial flow channel based on mid - axis transformation proposed in this paper can be applied to the design of impeller and guide vane axial flow channel of nuclear main pump well .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH31

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