本文選題：壓電球閥 + 高頻驅(qū)動(dòng)��； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的電氣比例閥都以比例電磁鐵作為驅(qū)動(dòng)器,響應(yīng)慢、控制精度低、工作帶寬窄,而采用強(qiáng)力高速電磁鐵驅(qū)動(dòng),雖然也可以提高其響應(yīng)速度,但是由于受到電磁力、安裝空間、運(yùn)動(dòng)慣性的影響,難以進(jìn)一步提高電磁閥的響應(yīng)速度,無(wú)法滿足一些要求更高響應(yīng)速度的場(chǎng)合。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)電磁式比例流量閥的不足,將壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器與氣動(dòng)節(jié)流閥的有機(jī)結(jié)合,研制一種新型壓電振子流量控制閥,使其具有快速響應(yīng)、精確控制等特性,以滿足自動(dòng)化控制的一些新需求已是十分迫切。 本文在分析了原有的預(yù)緊-限位型數(shù)字壓電球閥的基礎(chǔ)上,改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)以及相關(guān)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)小球拋動(dòng)機(jī)制和球閥流量諧振特性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的理論與試驗(yàn)研究,并對(duì)其流量進(jìn)行比例控制的研究,論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要有： (1)在分析原壓電球閥實(shí)驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)的前提下,研究設(shè)計(jì)了一套滿足快速、高頻,高效控制需求的實(shí)驗(yàn)控制系統(tǒng)：采用高頻信號(hào)發(fā)生器代替計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)電源進(jìn)行控制,減少了信號(hào)延遲,實(shí)現(xiàn)了高頻率范圍(1—10kHz)的頻率連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)試驗(yàn),滿足了壓電球閥快速、高頻的控制需求；采用高功率PI壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)電源代替了原先的HPV壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)電源,在新實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)下,壓電閥的截止壓差達(dá)到了0.5MPa以上,輸出流量也可以達(dá)到43L/min。 (2)在壓電閥的工作性能指標(biāo)達(dá)到了工業(yè)運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)該壓電閥在結(jié)構(gòu)功能上進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),主要包括：設(shè)計(jì)了套筒式限位機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了壓電閥的任意位置工作功能,使其更能適應(yīng)各種復(fù)雜的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境；另外還設(shè)計(jì)了軟管引出式通流管路,很好地解決了閥的泄漏問(wèn)題,泄漏量也由原來(lái)的與輸出流量相當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)十升每分鐘,有效控制到了0.1L/min以下,使新閥在工作性能上較以往有了相當(dāng)大地提高,進(jìn)一步完善了壓電球閥的工作性能。 (3)通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究壓電晶體的振動(dòng)幅值和小球的拋動(dòng)性能及輸出流量與驅(qū)動(dòng)電源頻率之間關(guān)系,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了壓電球閥的諧振特性,即在系統(tǒng)諧振頻率(6000Hz左右)下,不論是小球的拋起高度,還是球閥的流量輸出都得到突增；另外還建立了壓電球閥的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,從理論上分析了小球高頻拋動(dòng)過(guò)程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制,剖析了壓電閥諧振特性的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。 (4)基于PWM控制方法,對(duì)閥的輸出流量分別進(jìn)行了開(kāi)環(huán)和閉環(huán)控制,穩(wěn)態(tài)精度控制在了1 L/min以下,驗(yàn)證了PWM控制方法在該閥流量控制上可行性,為后續(xù)更高精度的控制方法和控制算法的研究提供了理論依據(jù)。 綜上所述,所研制的壓電激振球閥不僅結(jié)構(gòu)原理簡(jiǎn)單,體積較小,可實(shí)現(xiàn)快速大流量輸出,并且通過(guò)PWM控制方法達(dá)到一定的穩(wěn)態(tài)控制精度,驗(yàn)證了激振原理的壓電球閥比例流量控制的可行性。
[Abstract]:The traditional electric proportional valves all use proportional electromagnet as the driver. The response is slow, the control precision is low, the working band is narrow, and the powerful high-speed electromagnet is used to drive it, although it can also improve its response speed, but because of the electromagnetic force, It is difficult to further improve the response speed of solenoid valve because of the influence of motion inertia and installation space, and can not meet the need of higher response speed. Aiming at the shortage of the traditional electromagnetic proportional flow valve, a new type of piezoelectric vibrator flow control valve is developed by combining the piezoelectric actuator with the pneumatic throttle valve, which has the characteristics of quick response and accurate control. It is very urgent to meet some new requirements of automatic control. Based on the analysis of the pressure-limited digital piezoelectric ball valve, the experimental control system and the related mechanical structure are improved and designed in this paper. On the basis of this, the mechanism of ball throwing and the flow resonance characteristics of ball valve are studied in detail in theory and experiment, and the proportional control of the flow rate is studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the premise of analyzing the experimental control system of piezoelectric ball valve, a set of fast and high frequency control system is designed. Experimental control system with high efficiency control requirements: the high frequency signal generator is used instead of the computer to control the piezoelectric drive power supply, which reduces the signal delay and realizes the continuous frequency regulation experiment in the high frequency range (1-10 kHz). The high power Pi piezoelectric drive power supply is used to replace the original HPV piezoelectric drive power supply. Under the new experimental system, the cut-off pressure difference of the piezoelectric valve is more than 0.5 MPA. The output flow rate can also reach 43L / min. (2) on the basis of the performance index of the piezoelectric valve has reached the industrial application standard, the structure and function of the piezoelectric valve have been optimized. The main contents are as follows: the sleeve type limiting mechanism is designed to realize the function of piezoelectric valve at any position, which makes it more suitable for various complex industrial production environments, and also designs the hose outlet flow line, The leakage of the valve has been solved very well, and the leakage has been controlled to less than 0.1 L / min from the original dozens of liters per minute equivalent to the output flow rate, which has greatly improved the new valve's working performance. The working performance of the piezoelectric ball valve is further improved. (3) the resonant characteristics of the piezoelectric ball valve are found for the first time by studying the relationship between the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric crystal and the throwing performance of the ball, the output flow rate and the frequency of the driving power supply. That is, at the resonant frequency of the system (about 6, 000 Hz), both the throwing height of the ball and the flow output of the ball valve are suddenly increased, and the dynamic model of the piezoelectric ball valve is also established. In this paper, the motion mechanism of the ball in the process of high frequency throwing is analyzed theoretically, and the mechanism of the resonant characteristics of the piezoelectric valve is analyzed. (4) based on the PWM control method, the output flow rate of the valve is controlled by open loop control and closed loop control, respectively. The steady-state precision control is less than 1 L / min, which verifies the feasibility of PWM control method in the flow control of the valve, and provides a theoretical basis for the further study of higher precision control methods and control algorithms. To sum up, the piezoelectric exciting ball valve developed not only has simple structure and small volume, but also can realize fast and large flow output, and achieve a certain steady-state control precision by PWM control method. The feasibility of proportional flow control of piezoelectric ball valve based on excitation principle is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH134

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本文編號(hào)：2089707