本文選題：輪式起重機 + 起升系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：起重機械是工程建設(shè)中不可或缺的工程機械之一,在我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。特別是隨著我國經(jīng)濟社會的快速前進,高鐵、石油化工、建筑等行業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,起重機械滿足市場需求量越來越大,起重機械所起的作用亦愈加明顯。輪式起重機是起重機械眾多種類中具有特別突出位置,輪式起重機以其自由移動式底盤、多工況等優(yōu)點,在工程建設(shè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。輪式起重機的出現(xiàn)極大地提高了人類的勞動生產(chǎn)率,減輕了勞動強度,加速了經(jīng)濟建設(shè)。 輪式起重機自從推出市場至今已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一個快速、健康的發(fā)展時期,但是隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,用戶對輪式起重機的操作性能的要求也越來越高。起升系統(tǒng)是輪式起重機中最為關(guān)鍵的子系統(tǒng)之一,起升系統(tǒng)性能的好壞直接影響整個起重機的操作性能,故提高起升系統(tǒng)的性能對提升起重機可靠性有著非常重要的意義。目前,輪式起重機起升系統(tǒng)存在下降抖動、二次起升下滑等缺陷,這些缺陷使起重機不能發(fā)揮正常的起升性能,極端情況下,還有可能會曹成嚴重的安全事故,故對輪式起重機下降性能的研究具有非常重要意義和技術(shù)地位。 本文將以工程起重機中應(yīng)用廣泛的輪式起重機作為原型車,對其起升液壓系統(tǒng)性能進行測試、分析。針對起升系統(tǒng)存在的問題,主要對起升系統(tǒng)下降抖動問題展開研究,通過對起升系統(tǒng)下降性能測試曲線的對比分析,設(shè)計了新型平衡閥阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋。新型平衡閥阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋主要是通過應(yīng)用阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)的濾波特性,使進入平衡閥先導(dǎo)控制油腔的壓力油壓力趨于平穩(wěn),同時由于阻尼的“隔壓”作用使平衡閥和制動器的啟閉時間得到了良好的匹配,從而最大限度上消除了起升系統(tǒng)的下降抖動問題,提升了起升系統(tǒng)的性能。 本文主要做了以下工作: (1)介紹了目前國內(nèi)外輪式起重機起升機構(gòu)典型的幾種液壓控制系統(tǒng),主要分析了閥控開式液壓系統(tǒng)、泵控開式液壓系統(tǒng)和泵控閉式液壓系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點以及控制原理,為起升系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供了理論參考。 (2)對現(xiàn)有起重機進行起升系統(tǒng)各工況的測試,通過分析測試數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)掘影響起升系統(tǒng)性能的相關(guān)因素。實車測試結(jié)果顯示,樣機起升系統(tǒng)在進行下降操作時,存在抖動現(xiàn)象,分析測試曲線可知,平衡閥先導(dǎo)控制油腔壓力存在波動,并且平衡閥與制動器的開啟時間不符合設(shè)計要求,從而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)壓力波動,致使重物下降出現(xiàn)抖動現(xiàn)象。 (3)通過分析起重機出現(xiàn)下降抖動現(xiàn)象的機理,利用阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)匹配技術(shù),優(yōu)化了平衡閥先到控制油路,設(shè)計了新型平衡閥阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋。新型平衡閥先導(dǎo)阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)在進行參數(shù)匹配時,不僅考慮了良好的濾波性能,而且對阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)與制動器啟閉時間進行了匹配,推導(dǎo)了阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)選取的計算關(guān)系式,為新型阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋參數(shù)的合理選取提供了計算依據(jù)。 (4)通過AMESim軟件對典型起重機起升系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)進行了物理建模,根據(jù)實際工況對模型進行仿真,主要分析了起重機起升系統(tǒng)的下降性能。仿真結(jié)果表明現(xiàn)有起重機起升系統(tǒng)平衡閥與制動器的啟閉時間不合理,在某些工況下會出現(xiàn)下降抖動現(xiàn)象,為了提升起升系統(tǒng)的可靠性,需要采取合理的措施來消除該缺陷。 (5)針對現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)存在的缺陷,運用AMESim軟件對改進后的起升系統(tǒng)進行了物理建模和仿真,對比分析了改進后起升系統(tǒng)的下降性能。運用不同阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)的平衡閥端蓋進行模型仿真,結(jié)果表明新型阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋的使用修正了平衡閥與制動器的啟閉時間關(guān)系,有效濾除了進入平衡閥先導(dǎo)油腔的壓力波動,很大程度上提升了起升系統(tǒng)下降性能。 (6)根據(jù)理論計算和仿真分析結(jié)果,對新型阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋進行了實車測試,經(jīng)過對不同阻尼參數(shù)的測試,結(jié)果表明新型阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)端蓋在對平衡閥先導(dǎo)控制壓力進行濾波和改善平衡閥與制動器的啟閉時間關(guān)系上具有顯著的效果。只要新型阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)各參數(shù)選取合適,可以有效解決起重機下降抖動問題。 本文利用阻尼網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),對起升系統(tǒng)進行了參數(shù)匹配,優(yōu)化了起升系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵控制元件的參數(shù)關(guān)系,從理論上提供了提升起升系統(tǒng)下降性能的科學(xué)依據(jù);并且通過AMESim軟件對起重機起升系統(tǒng)進行了物理建模和仿真,從仿真的角度驗證了理論分析的正確性,并且通過實車測試,驗證了仿真結(jié)果的有效性。仿真與實車測試數(shù)據(jù)均表明,本論文設(shè)計新型平衡閥阻尼端蓋具有良好的穩(wěn)壓作用,能夠有效解決起升系統(tǒng)下降抖動的問題,極大地提升了起重機起升系統(tǒng)的可靠性。
[Abstract]:The lifting machinery is one of the indispensable engineering machinery in the construction of the project. It plays an important role in the economic construction of our country. In particular, with the rapid progress of our country's economy and society, the rapid development of the industries, such as high speed rail, petrochemical, construction, etc., the lifting machinery satisfies the demand for the market more and more, and the function of the lifting machinery is also more and more important. It is obvious that the wheel crane is a special prominent position in many kinds of lifting machinery. The wheel crane has the advantages of free moving chassis and multiple working conditions. It has been widely used in engineering construction. The appearance of wheel crane greatly improves the labor productivity, reduces the labor intensity and accelerates the economic construction.
The wheel crane has experienced a rapid and healthy development since it launched the market. But with the rapid development of science and technology, the requirement of the operating performance of the wheel crane is becoming higher and higher. The lifting system is one of the most important subsystem of the wheel crane, and the performance of the lifting system is directly affected by the performance of the hoisting system. With the operating performance of a crane, it is very important to improve the hoisting system's performance to improve the reliability of the crane. At present, the hoisting system of the wheel crane has a drop jitter, two rise and fall and other defects. These defects make the crane not able to perform the normal lifting performance. In extreme cases, there may be serious Cao. Safety accidents, therefore, the study of the drop performance of wheel cranes has very important significance and technical status.
In this paper, a wheeled crane used widely in the engineering crane is used as a prototype vehicle, and the performance of its lifting hydraulic system is tested and analyzed. In view of the problems existing in the lifting system, this paper mainly studies the problem of the drop jitter of the lifting system, and designs a new balance valve by comparing and analyzing the performance test curve of the lifting system's descent performance. The end cover of the damping network is mainly through the application of the filter characteristics of the damping network, which makes the pressure oil pressure of the balance valve control the oil chamber smooth. At the same time, the opening and closing time of the balance valve and the brake can be well matched because of the "pressure isolation" effect of the damping, thus the maximum elimination is made. The drop jitter problem of hoisting system improves the performance of hoisting system.
The main work of this article is as follows:
(1) several typical hydraulic control systems of hoisting mechanism of wheel crane at home and abroad are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of valve controlled open hydraulic system, pump controlled open hydraulic system and pump controlled closed hydraulic system are mainly analyzed, and the theoretical reference is provided for the optimization design of lifting system.
(2) test the working conditions of the hoisting system of the existing crane, and through the analysis of the test data to explore the related factors affecting the performance of the lifting system. The actual vehicle test results show that there is a jitter phenomenon in the lifting system when the lifting system is carried out. The analysis test curve shows that the balance valve pilot control oil chamber pressure fluctuates, and the balance is balanced. The opening time of the valve and the brake does not meet the design requirements, resulting in pressure fluctuations in the system, resulting in heavy weight dropping and jitter.
(3) through the analysis of the mechanism of the drop jitter of the crane, the damper network matching technology is used to optimize the balance valve first to control the oil path, and the new balance valve damping network end cover is designed. The new balance valve pilot damping network not only considers the good filtering performance, but also the damping network and the brake when the parameter matching is matched. The relationship between opening and closing time is matched, and the calculation formula of damping network parameters is deduced, which provides a basis for the rational selection of the end cover parameters of the new damping network.
(4) the typical crane hoisting system system is modeled by the AMESim software, and the model is simulated according to the actual working condition. The performance of the lifting system is mainly analyzed. The simulation results show that the opening and closing time of the balance valve and brake of the existing crane lifting system is not reasonable, and there will be a drop of shaking in some working conditions. In order to improve the reliability of hoisting system, reasonable measures should be taken to eliminate this defect.
(5) in view of the defects existing in the existing system, the physical modeling and Simulation of the improved hoisting system are carried out with AMESim software, and the decrease performance of the improved hoisting system is compared and analyzed. The model simulation is made with the balance valve cover of different damping network parameters. The results show that the use of the new damping network end cover is modified by the balance valve and the balance valve. The opening and closing time relationship of the brake effectively removes the pressure fluctuation entering the pilot oil chamber of the balancing valve, and greatly improves the descent performance of the lifting system.
(6) according to the theoretical calculation and the results of simulation and analysis, the new damping network end cover is tested. After testing the different damping parameters, the results show that the new damping network end cover has significant effect on the relationship between the balance valve pre control pressure filtering and the improvement of the opening and closing time of the balance valve and the brake. Suitable parameters of damping network can effectively solve the problem of crane's descent and jitter.
This paper uses the damping network technology to match the hoisting system, optimizes the parameter relation of the key control elements of the hoisting system, provides a scientific basis for the lifting system to improve the performance of the lifting system, and carries out the physical modeling and Simulation of the lifting system of the crane through the AMESim software, and verifies the theory from the angle of simulation. The correctness of the analysis is discussed and the validity of the simulation results is verified by the real vehicle test. The simulation and the actual test data show that the design of the new balance valve has a good stabilizing effect in the design of the balance valve, and can effectively solve the problem of the drop jitter of the lifting system and greatly improve the reliability of the crane lifting system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH213.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 雷兆虹;徐麗;游小平;李思思;汪宗應(yīng);;起重機二次起升下滑方案研究及仿真分析[J];公路與汽運;2013年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 鮮亞平;超越負載工況下履帶起重機閉式液壓系統(tǒng)研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2012年

2 方曉瑜;旋挖鉆機主卷揚下放勢能回收的研究[D];中南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2069385