本文選題：人工心臟 + 溶血估算��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：心血管疾病是導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)死亡的主要原因之一,全球人口的心臟病發(fā)病率高達(dá)1%,晚期心臟病導(dǎo)致的心力衰竭5年內(nèi)死亡率高達(dá)75%,心臟移植是唯一的救治手段,然而供體的嚴(yán)重缺乏使得很多需要心臟移植的患者在等待供體中死去。所以,暫時(shí)性或永久性代替自然心臟功能的血泵就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。人工心臟從最開(kāi)始的搏動(dòng)式血泵發(fā)展到最近的懸浮式旋轉(zhuǎn)血泵,不斷的解決心臟疾病中遇到的問(wèn)題,更好的幫助患者脫離疾病。而且溶血和血栓一直以來(lái)是人工心臟臨床應(yīng)用中的重大難題。 研究表明血泵內(nèi)流動(dòng)中的渦流區(qū)和滯止區(qū)對(duì)血泵溶血和血栓形成有很大的影響,并有學(xué)者給出了溶血估算的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,該公式表明溶血的大小與紅細(xì)胞在流動(dòng)過(guò)程中所受的剪切應(yīng)力和接觸時(shí)間成冪函數(shù)關(guān)系。基于該溶血估算公式,本文針對(duì)血泵的溶血特性對(duì)離心式旋轉(zhuǎn)血泵進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化,并進(jìn)行了水力實(shí)驗(yàn)和溶血試驗(yàn),主要開(kāi)展以下三個(gè)方面的研究： 1)利用血泵設(shè)計(jì)的一元設(shè)計(jì)理論及速度系數(shù)法,并對(duì)血泵進(jìn)行水力設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)本文提出一個(gè)平均剪應(yīng)力模型,假定紅細(xì)胞流經(jīng)葉輪所受的平均切應(yīng)力近似等效為紅細(xì)胞流動(dòng)過(guò)程中在單位體積單位路程下的動(dòng)能增量。為了提高血泵溶血性能,本文通過(guò)減少紅細(xì)胞流經(jīng)葉輪的時(shí)間和降低它在此過(guò)程中所受平均應(yīng)力的方法,基于平均剪應(yīng)力模型對(duì)離心血泵進(jìn)行參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì),進(jìn)而改善溶血性能。 2)對(duì)模型血泵進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬及溶血估算分析,研究了葉輪和蝸殼在不同間隙下的水力特性及溶血性能,同時(shí)分析了葉片數(shù)對(duì)血泵的水力特性及溶血性能的影響,比較得到溶血性能較好的間隙大小和葉片數(shù)。 3)搭建水力實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)和溶血試驗(yàn)臺(tái),對(duì)實(shí)體泵進(jìn)行水力實(shí)驗(yàn)及溶血實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步分析了血泵的水力特性及溶血特性。
[Abstract]:Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of human death. The incidence of heart disease in the world is as high as 1%, the death rate of heart failure caused by advanced heart disease is as high as 75% in 5 years. Heart transplantation is the only cure. However, the severe deficiency of the donor has made many patients who need the heart transplant to die in the donor. So, The temporary or permanent blood pump instead of the natural heart function came into being. The artificial heart developed from the beginning of the pulsating blood pump to the nearest suspending rotating blood pump to solve the problems encountered in the heart disease, and to help patients get out of the disease. And hemolysis and blood thrombus have always been in the clinical application of the artificial heart. A big problem.
The study shows that the eddy zone and the stagnation zone in the flow of blood pump have a great influence on the hemolysis and thrombosis of the blood pump, and some scholars have given the empirical formula for the estimation of hemolysis. The formula shows that the size of the hemolysis is a power function relationship with the shear stress and contact time of the red cell during the flow process. According to the hemolysis characteristics of the blood pump, the centrifugal rotating blood pump was designed and optimized, and the hydraulic experiment and the hemolysis test were carried out, and the following three aspects were mainly carried out.
1) based on the design theory of the blood pump and the velocity coefficient method, and the hydraulic design of the blood pump, an average shear stress model is proposed in this paper. It is assumed that the average shear stress of the red cell flow through the impeller is approximately equivalent to the kinetic energy increment at the unit volume single path in the process of red cell flow. By reducing the time of the flow of red blood cells through the impeller and reducing the average stress in the process, a parametric design of the centrifugal blood pump is designed based on the average shear stress model, and then the hemolysis performance is improved.
2) the numerical simulation of the model blood pump and the analysis of hemolysis were carried out. The hydraulic characteristics and hemolytic performance of the impeller and volute under different gaps were studied, and the effects of the number of blades on the hydraulic characteristics and hemolytic performance of the blood pump were analyzed, and the better gap and the number of leaves were compared.
3) build hydraulic experiment platform and hemolysis testbed, carry out hydraulic experiment and hemolysis test for solid pump, and further analyze the hydraulic characteristics and hemolytic characteristics of blood pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH311

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