本文選題：耦合仿生 + 試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)當(dāng)中，磨損會(huì)對(duì)于工程/機(jī)械表面造成嚴(yán)重的損耗，材料的磨損失效已經(jīng)成為三大失效方式（腐蝕，疲勞，磨損）之一。據(jù)不完全估計(jì)，約50%以上的機(jī)器零件失效是由于磨損引起的，其中沖蝕磨損在工程應(yīng)用中導(dǎo)致的器件失效，損壞大約占磨損總數(shù)的8%。沖蝕磨損是指大量固體粒子以一定的速度和攻角對(duì)材料表面進(jìn)行沖擊，導(dǎo)致材料損耗失效的過程。其廣泛存在于機(jī)械，冶金，能源，化工，航天等諸多工程領(lǐng)域。如何有效地減少?zèng)_蝕的研究由來已久，迄今仍然是廣大科學(xué)工作者重要的研究方向。隨著沖蝕磨損理論的不斷發(fā)展，人們從改進(jìn)被沖蝕表面和改進(jìn)沖蝕環(huán)境入手，不斷引入新方法，耐磨抗沖蝕磨損的研究在不斷地進(jìn)步。本文從仿生學(xué)的新視角出發(fā)，研究生物體表形態(tài)并將之付諸于仿生學(xué)的應(yīng)用：設(shè)計(jì)了耦合仿生樣件與模型，并采取試驗(yàn)研究和理論與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方式，研究其耐磨抗沖蝕機(jī)理，以求在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和完善仿生工程學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。 本文主要由耦合仿生樣件在沖蝕試驗(yàn)機(jī)下的沖蝕磨損試驗(yàn)和應(yīng)力波在固體中傳播理論主導(dǎo)的數(shù)值模擬分析組成。首先以沙漠中生活的新疆巖蜥和變色沙蜥為生物模型，通過對(duì)其體表鱗片形態(tài)和皮膚組織結(jié)構(gòu)的觀察和研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)沙漠蜥蜴體表抗沖蝕的優(yōu)良性能是其體表形態(tài)和皮膚結(jié)構(gòu)與材質(zhì)共同耦合作用的結(jié)果。通過合理歸納和簡化，提取背部和頭部鱗片形貌特征與其體表皮膚的“軟”“硬”分層結(jié)構(gòu)特征建立耦合仿生抗沖蝕模型。 在沖蝕試驗(yàn)部分，制備了三種表面形態(tài)的“硬”質(zhì)層并進(jìn)一步加工成表面形態(tài)與分層結(jié)構(gòu)的耦合仿生樣件。使用試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化方法編制試驗(yàn)方案，選用L9(34)正交表進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)�？疾炝四チＤ繑�(shù)，沖蝕角度和菱形、圓形、方形凸包三種表面形態(tài)三個(gè)因素對(duì)沖蝕磨損的影響，每個(gè)因素取三個(gè)水平，采用正交多項(xiàng)式回歸設(shè)計(jì)得到回歸方程，并用極差分析法確定了主次因素和優(yōu)水平。為研究沙漠蜥蜴體表鱗片宏觀上構(gòu)成的溝槽形態(tài)對(duì)耐磨抗沖蝕性能的影響，加工并且制備了溝槽形表面的仿生樣件�？疾鞙喜叟c噴嘴夾角、溝槽間距和樣件材質(zhì)三個(gè)因素的三個(gè)水平，采用L9(34)正交表進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。 數(shù)值模擬試驗(yàn)部分主要研究沖蝕磨粒撞擊在仿生模型表面后對(duì)亞表層及深層的影響。運(yùn)用有限元軟件Abaqus的顯式動(dòng)力學(xué)分析對(duì)棱形凸包、方形凸包和圓形凸包三種表面形態(tài)的模型、三種表面形態(tài)與“軟”“硬”雙層結(jié)構(gòu)耦合的仿生模型及“切割”出的三種耦合仿生模型單元進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究。引入應(yīng)力波在固體中的傳播理論，構(gòu)建可以修改的單個(gè)粒子沖擊耦合仿生單元的模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，采用將應(yīng)力波理論與數(shù)值模擬分析結(jié)合的手段研究耦合仿生模型抗沖蝕的原理。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，采用L49(3)正交表，編制“硬”層厚度、“軟”層材料組成和界面粘結(jié)三個(gè)因素對(duì)仿生模型內(nèi)部軸向正應(yīng)力幅值影響的試驗(yàn)方案并做極差分析。 論文共七個(gè)章：第一章,緒論。第二章,對(duì)沙漠蜥蜴背部鱗片和皮膚結(jié)構(gòu)的生物學(xué)特征進(jìn)行觀察和提取，研究其抗沖蝕特性、建立耦合仿生模型。第三章,分別制備了三種表面凸包（圓形、方形和棱形）與表面溝槽形貌的仿生樣件，采用試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)方案，在沖蝕試驗(yàn)機(jī)下進(jìn)行沖蝕磨損試驗(yàn)，對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果用極差法分析主次因素和優(yōu)水平，并且得到了沖蝕失重與各個(gè)試驗(yàn)因素（表面形態(tài)、材質(zhì)、沖蝕角度等）的回歸方程。第四章,建立相應(yīng)的被粒子沖擊的耦合仿生模型及其單元體并進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算和分析，用等效應(yīng)力衡量模型的抗沖蝕能力。第五章,引入應(yīng)力波在固體中傳播理論，，闡述應(yīng)力波的碰撞原理及在“軟”“硬”雙層結(jié)構(gòu)中的傳播機(jī)制，介紹應(yīng)力波傳播導(dǎo)致的三種材料破壞方式。第六章,建立了可修正的數(shù)值模型，并結(jié)合應(yīng)力波理論分析了“軟”“硬”層材料、模型厚度、界面粘結(jié)、表面塑性化、凸包形態(tài)等因素對(duì)應(yīng)力波傳導(dǎo)的影響，其結(jié)果直接關(guān)系到模型的抗沖蝕能力；在數(shù)值模擬的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，得出回歸方程。第七章,結(jié)論和展望。
[Abstract]:In industrial production, wear will cause serious loss to the engineering / mechanical surface, and the wear failure of the material has become one of the three major failure modes (corrosion, fatigue, and wear). According to incomplete estimation, about 50% of the failure of the machine parts is caused by wear and tear, and the failure of the device caused by the erosion and wear in the engineering application is damaged. 8%. erosion wear, which accounts for the total number of wear and tear, refers to the process of failure of material loss due to the impact of a large number of solid particles at a certain speed and angle of attack on the material surface. It widely exists in many engineering fields, such as mechanical, metallurgical, energy, chemical, aerospace and so on. How to reduce erosion effectively has been a long history and is still a large number of subjects. With the continuous development of the theory of erosion and wear, people have introduced new methods to improve the erosion surface and improve the erosion environment. The research on wear resistance and erosion wear is progressing continuously. From the new perspective of bionics, this paper studies the form of biological surface and put it into bionics. The coupling bionic sample and model are designed, and the mechanism of abrasion resistance and erosion is studied by the combination of experimental research and theory and numerical simulation. In order to further develop and improve the theoretical foundation of biomimetic engineering on the basis of previous research.
This paper mainly consists of the erosion wear test of the coupled bionic sample under the erosion test machine and the numerical simulation analysis of the propagation theory of stress wave in the solid. First, the Xinjiang lizard and the chameleon lizard in the desert are used as the biological model. Through the observation and Research on the shape of the surface scales and skin skin tissue structure of the desert, the desert is found and the desert is found. The excellent performance of the lizard's body surface resistance to erosion is the result of the coupling of body surface morphology and skin structure and material. By rational induction and simplification, a coupled bionic anti erosion model is established by extracting the features of the scales of the back and head and the "soft" "hard" layered structure of the skin of the skin.
In the erosion test part, three kinds of "hard" layer of surface morphology were prepared and further processed into the coupling bionic sample of surface morphology and stratified structure. The test scheme was prepared by the test optimization method and the L9 (34) orthogonal table was selected for the test design. The grinding grain number, the erosion angle and the rhombic, circular and square convex hull were investigated. The influence of three factors on erosion and wear, each factor takes three levels, the regression equation is obtained by orthogonal polynomial regression design, and the main and secondary factors are determined by the method of extreme difference analysis. The influence of the groove shape on the wear resistance of the body surface scales of the desert lizard is studied, and the grooves are processed and prepared. A bionic sample on the shape surface. The three levels of three factors, including the angle between the groove and the nozzle, the spacing between the trenches and the material of the sample, are examined. The L9 (34) orthogonal table is used for the experimental design.
In the numerical simulation test, the impact of erosion particles on the subsurface and deep layer after the surface of the biomimetic model is mainly studied. Using the explicit dynamic analysis of the finite element software Abaqus, the three surface morphology models of the prismatic convex hull, the square convex hull and the circular convex hull, and the bionic bionics of the three surface morphology and the "soft" double double layer structure are coupled. The model and the "cut" three coupling bionic model units are numerically simulated. The propagation theory of the stress wave in the solid is introduced, and the model of the single particle impact coupling bionic unit can be modified to simulate the numerical simulation. The coupled biomimetic model is studied by combining the stress wave theory with the numerical simulation analysis. On this basis, the experimental optimization design is carried out for the analysis of the numerical simulation results. The L49 (3) orthogonal table is used to compile the test scheme of the "hard" layer thickness, the "soft" layer material composition and the interface bonding three factors on the axial positive stress amplitude in the bionic model and make the extreme difference analysis.
The thesis consists of seven chapters: Chapter 1, introduction. The second chapter, the biological characteristics of the scales and skin structures of the back of the desert lizard are observed and extracted. The anti erosion characteristics of the desert lizard are studied and the coupling bionic model is established. In the third chapter, three bionic samples of the surface convex hull (round, square and prismatic) and the surface groove are prepared respectively. The experiment scheme was designed by the chemical design method. The erosion test was carried out under the erosion test machine. The main and secondary factors and the optimal level were analyzed by the extreme difference method, and the regression equation of the erosion weightlessness and the various test factors (surface morphology, material, erosion angle, etc.) was obtained. The fourth chapter established the corresponding coupling biomimetic model with particle impact. In the fifth chapter, the theory of stress wave propagation in solid is introduced, the principle of stress wave collision and the propagation mechanism in "soft" "hard" double layer structure are introduced, and three kinds of material destruction methods caused by stress wave propagation are introduced. The sixth chapter is built. The modified numerical model is established, and the stress wave theory is used to analyze the "soft" and "hard" layer material, the influence of the model thickness, the interface bonding, the surface plasticity, the convex hull form on the force wave conduction, and the result is directly related to the anti erosion ability of the model, and on the basis of the numerical simulation, the experimental optimization design is carried out to get the regression. The equation. The seventh chapter, the conclusion and the prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH117.1

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