立體倉儲(chǔ)高位揀選車輛的可靠性與路徑優(yōu)化
本文選題:立體倉儲(chǔ) + 高位揀選車輛 ; 參考:《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著現(xiàn)代物流運(yùn)輸業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,立體倉儲(chǔ)日益增多。高位揀選車輛屬于倉儲(chǔ)車輛的范疇,是立體倉儲(chǔ)中進(jìn)行揀選作業(yè)必不可少的運(yùn)載工具,對(duì)減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、提高作業(yè)效率具有重要意義。目前,市場上的國產(chǎn)高檔倉儲(chǔ)車輛非常之少,尤其是起升高度在7m以上的高位揀選車輛完全依賴進(jìn)口。本文以區(qū)域合作項(xiàng)目“高位揀選設(shè)備關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)”為支撐,對(duì)立體倉儲(chǔ)高位揀選車輛的可靠性、樣機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)、穩(wěn)定性與路徑優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。 本文對(duì)高位倉儲(chǔ)類車輛的可靠性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。根據(jù)采集的現(xiàn)場故障數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)高位倉儲(chǔ)車輛進(jìn)行了FMECA分析及FTA分析,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)該類車輛的可靠性薄弱環(huán)節(jié)及潛在缺陷,為高位揀選車輛的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、控制策略設(shè)計(jì)、液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝改進(jìn)及故障診斷與維修等提供參考。 在高位倉儲(chǔ)車輛的可靠性分析基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)高位揀選車輛的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、電氣控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),開發(fā)出了貨物起升高度可達(dá)9m的車輛。首先,采用模塊化思想將車輛分為底盤單元、門架系統(tǒng)單元及操縱臺(tái)單元三部分,然后根據(jù)各自的功能特點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行了具體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),在設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)過程中利用有限單元法、數(shù)字仿真技術(shù)等不斷優(yōu)化車輛結(jié)構(gòu)。其次,對(duì)高位揀選車輛的液壓系統(tǒng)回路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了其門架系統(tǒng)及操縱臺(tái)的升降。最后,對(duì)高位揀選車輛的電氣控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā),搭建了以CAN總線進(jìn)行通信的控制系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái),保證了電控系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)母咝院透呖煽啃浴?本文對(duì)高位揀選車輛的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了全面的研究。首先,抽象出高位揀選車輛的物理模型,運(yùn)用達(dá)朗貝爾原理建立其不同運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,并以本文開發(fā)的樣機(jī)為例進(jìn)行求解,分析了其動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性。其次,利用虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)高位揀選車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)仿真,并將仿真結(jié)果和理論結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證了建立的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的合理性。此外,采用傾斜平臺(tái)測試法對(duì)高位揀選車輛樣機(jī)的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。最后,為進(jìn)一步提高高位揀選車輛的穩(wěn)定性,同時(shí)保證車輛的機(jī)動(dòng)性能,本文首次提出了一種高位揀選車輛的重心自平衡技術(shù)。 根據(jù)立體倉儲(chǔ)中高位揀選車輛的作業(yè)特點(diǎn),建立了其三維空間的揀選路徑優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,并設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)造了一種遺傳-蟻群混合算法對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解。仿真結(jié)果表明,該算法具有較強(qiáng)的全局搜索能力和收斂性能,較好地解決了高位揀選車輛的作業(yè)路徑優(yōu)化問題,提高了其作業(yè)效率,且可在一定程度上節(jié)約車輛蓄電池能量,延長其持續(xù)作業(yè)時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern logistics transportation industry, three-dimensional storage is increasing day by day. The high picking vehicle belongs to the category of storage vehicles and is an indispensable vehicle for sorting in three-dimensional storage. It is of great significance to lighten the labor intensity of workers and improve the working efficiency. At present, there are very few domestic high-grade storage vehicles in the market, especially the high-level pick-up vehicles with a lifting height of more than 7m are totally dependent on imports. In this paper, the reliability, design and development of prototype, stability and path optimization of high picking vehicles are studied based on the regional cooperation project "Research and Development of key Technologies of High picking equipment". In this paper, the reliability of high storage vehicles is studied systematically. According to the field fault data collected, the FMECA analysis and FTA analysis of high storage vehicles are carried out. Through the analysis, it is found that the reliability of this kind of vehicles is weak and the potential defects, which are the overall scheme design and structural optimization design of high position picking vehicles. Control strategy design, hydraulic system design, manufacturing process improvement and fault diagnosis and maintenance. On the basis of reliability analysis of high storage vehicle, the mechanical system, hydraulic system and electrical control system of high position picking vehicle are designed, and a vehicle with a lifting height of 9 m is developed. Firstly, the vehicle is divided into three parts: chassis unit, gantry system unit and joystick unit. Then, the specific structure is designed according to their functional characteristics, and the finite element method is used in the process of design and development. Digital simulation technology and other continuous optimization of vehicle structure. Secondly, the hydraulic system loop of the high position picking vehicle is designed to realize the lifting and lowering of the gantry system and the operating table. Finally, the design and development of the electrical control system of the high position picking vehicle is carried out, and the hardware platform of the control system based on CAN bus is built, which ensures the high efficiency and reliability of the data transmission of the electronic control system. In this paper, the stability of high picking vehicles is studied. Firstly, the physical model of high position picking vehicle is abstracted, and the dynamic equations under different motion states are established by using the Darembert principle, and the dynamic stability is analyzed by taking the prototype developed in this paper as an example. Secondly, the dynamic simulation of the high position picking vehicle is carried out by using virtual prototyping technology, and the simulation results are compared with the theoretical results to verify the rationality of the established dynamic model. In addition, the stability of high picking vehicle prototype is verified by tilting platform test method. Finally, in order to further improve the stability of high position picking vehicles and ensure the vehicle's maneuverability, this paper presents for the first time a technique of gravity center self-balancing for high position picking vehicles. According to the operation characteristics of high position picking vehicles in stereoscopic storage, a three-dimensional picking path optimization mathematical model is established, and a genetic ant colony hybrid algorithm is designed to solve the problem. The simulation results show that the algorithm has strong global searching ability and convergence performance, and it can solve the problem of operating path optimization of high position picking vehicle, improve its working efficiency, and save the energy of vehicle battery to some extent. Extend its continuous working time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:TH22
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