本文選題：動態(tài)分析 + 凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)　； 參考：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)作為機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)中的一個(gè)重要分支，凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造目前還處在相當(dāng)活躍的階段，還主要體現(xiàn)在凸輪的CAD/CAM和動力學(xué)的研究上。 首先介紹了一種適用于中、高速凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律，該運(yùn)動規(guī)律公式的特點(diǎn)就是它是由多個(gè)諧波分量疊加而成，且在一個(gè)運(yùn)動周期內(nèi)能用一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式來表達(dá)。其基本思想是以理想工作要求為參考，采用最小二乘法則來優(yōu)化位移、速度或是加速度，以此來確定諧波分量的系數(shù)；還可以以加速度為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù)，約束條件為某時(shí)刻對應(yīng)的位移、速度、加速度或躍度等，轉(zhuǎn)化為有約束優(yōu)化問題，借助優(yōu)化分析軟件求得諧波分量的系數(shù)，并且結(jié)合實(shí)例，設(shè)計(jì)完成了諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律并在同等條件下與正弦曲線運(yùn)動規(guī)律，修正正弦曲線運(yùn)動規(guī)律進(jìn)行了特性值圖像的對比，從而體現(xiàn)了諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律在最大速度和最大加速度較小的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 其次，，課題以機(jī)械系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ)，對凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動力學(xué)響應(yīng)分析，包括位移響應(yīng)、速度響應(yīng)和加速度響應(yīng)，根據(jù)響應(yīng)結(jié)果的對比分析，能夠說明諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律在降低高速凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)振動的效果是比較明顯的。分析步驟依次為建模、建立運(yùn)動微分方程與求解運(yùn)動微分方程。運(yùn)動微分方程只在某些簡單情況下可以得到解析解，一般情況下，只能用數(shù)值法進(jìn)行求解。本文中對動力學(xué)響應(yīng)求得解析解，并與理想輸出響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了對比，說明諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律被應(yīng)用于凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的適用性。 最后，對凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析，其主要目的是為改進(jìn)機(jī)構(gòu)的動態(tài)性能以及為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供客觀的參考數(shù)據(jù)。不同階模態(tài)對應(yīng)的頻率就對應(yīng)了構(gòu)件不同的共振頻率，構(gòu)件的共振頻率就是設(shè)計(jì)人員進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)動態(tài)分析時(shí)所關(guān)注的。論文中通過擺動從動件平面凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)為例，首先按常規(guī)的方法完成了機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，在ADAMS中對其進(jìn)行了動態(tài)分析，通過分析體現(xiàn)了常規(guī)方法在設(shè)計(jì)中引起的不足即激發(fā)了機(jī)構(gòu)的振動，使從動件運(yùn)動軌跡失真，于是結(jié)合動態(tài)分析的模態(tài)結(jié)果，確定諧波階數(shù)，將諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律應(yīng)用于凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，并再次仿真測量從動件的運(yùn)動狀態(tài)，以此體現(xiàn)將諧波運(yùn)動規(guī)律運(yùn)用于中、高速凸輪設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及適用性。
[Abstract]:As an important branch of cam mechanism, the design and manufacture of cam mechanism is still in a very active stage, which is mainly reflected in the study of CAD/CAM and dynamics of cam. This paper first introduces a kind of harmonic motion law suitable for medium and high speed cam mechanism. The characteristic of the formula is that it is superposed by multiple harmonic components and can be expressed by a mathematical formula in a motion period. The basic idea is to optimize the displacement, velocity or acceleration by using the least square method to determine the coefficient of harmonic component, and to optimize the objective function by using acceleration as the reference of ideal working requirements. The constraint condition is the displacement, velocity, acceleration or jump corresponding at a certain time, which is transformed into a constrained optimization problem. The coefficient of harmonic component is obtained by means of optimization analysis software, and an example is given. The law of harmonic motion is designed and compared with the law of sine curve under the same conditions and the law of modified sine curve is compared with the image of characteristic value. Thus, the harmonic motion law in the maximum velocity and the maximum acceleration of the advantages of small. Secondly, based on the dynamic theory of mechanical system, the dynamic response of cam mechanism is analyzed, including displacement response, velocity response and acceleration response. It can be shown that the harmonic motion law is more effective in reducing the vibration of high speed cam mechanism. The analysis steps are modeling, establishing the motion differential equation and solving the motion differential equation. The analytic solution of the differential equation of motion can be obtained only in some simple cases, but in general, it can only be solved by numerical method. In this paper, the analytical solution of the dynamic response is obtained and compared with the ideal output response. It is shown that the harmonic motion law is applied to the design of the cam mechanism. Finally, the modal analysis of the cam mechanism is carried out, the main purpose of which is to provide objective reference data for improving the dynamic performance of the mechanism and optimizing the design. The frequencies corresponding to different modes correspond to the different resonance frequencies of the components. The resonant frequencies of the components are the focus of the designers in the dynamic analysis of the mechanism. In this paper, the planar cam mechanism with oscillating follower is used as an example. Firstly, the design of the mechanism is completed according to the conventional method, and the dynamic analysis of the mechanism is carried out in ADAMS. Through the analysis, the deficiency caused by the conventional method in the design is shown, that is, the vibration of the mechanism is excited and the track of the follower is distorted, so the harmonic order is determined by combining the modal results of the dynamic analysis. The harmonic motion law is applied to the design of cam mechanism, and the motion state of follower is again measured by simulation, which shows the advantages and applicability of applying harmonic motion law to the design of high speed cam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH112.2

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