發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 05:41

  本文選題：輪式裝載機 + 動力特性　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：論文結(jié)合“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題“面向節(jié)能與安全的集成智能化工程機械裝備研發(fā)”(課題編號：2013BAF07B04),依據(jù)輪式裝載機實際工作情況,建立與其真實結(jié)構(gòu)相符合的11自由度振動系統(tǒng)模型,結(jié)合虛擬激勵法分析影響輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性的主要因素。 輪式裝載機是鏟土運輸機械的一種,廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山、建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、水利等大型工程領(lǐng)域,具有操作便利快捷,機動靈活,易于使用與維修等特點,是重要的工程機械設(shè)備之- 就現(xiàn)有我國輪式裝載機的設(shè)計與研發(fā)趨勢來看,生產(chǎn)與研發(fā)主要集中在3-5噸級機型上,其中尤以5噸級機型最為集中,但隨著市場需求形勢的變化,工程機械設(shè)備的發(fā)展日趨大型化,而且,為了提高工程作業(yè)效率,對輪式裝載機的行駛速度與作業(yè)時的整車穩(wěn)定性也提出了要求。輪式裝載機的工作環(huán)境通常比較惡劣,路面條件較差,而輪式裝載機自身的特點又使得車架與驅(qū)動橋之間采用螺栓固定連接,無彈性懸架設(shè)備,因而對于中長距離行駛及轉(zhuǎn)場行駛工況,整車結(jié)構(gòu)無法有效的緩沖和衰減高速行駛帶來的沖擊和振動,影響駕駛員的身心健康,降低裝載機零部件的工作可靠性和使用壽命,成為制約輪式裝載機向高速化、高效化發(fā)展的重要因素。因此,有必要對大型輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性進行系統(tǒng)與深入的研究,找到影響其結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性的相關(guān)因素,既能夠有效改善駕駛員的操作舒適度,保持運載貨物的完整性,又能夠為日后裝載機的發(fā)展與改進提供一定的理論依據(jù)。 本文基于試驗實測數(shù)據(jù),建立工作裝置懸置彈性等效模型并根據(jù)實際工況對其動態(tài)特性進行分析,分析主要彈性減振組件的力學(xué)特性,建立與實際結(jié)構(gòu)相符合的輪式裝載機空間11自由度系統(tǒng)振動模型,使用虛擬激勵法對輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性進行系統(tǒng)研究,分析影響輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性的主要因素,著重考慮外部激勵變化,系統(tǒng)各響應(yīng)量的變化規(guī)律,為提高輪式裝載機的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性提供了理論依據(jù),亦可作為機型改進與部件升級的理論參考。 本文根據(jù)80型輪式裝載機技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)建立其工作裝置與前車架的剛—彈耦合模型,對80型輪式裝載機工作裝置正載與偏載工況的作業(yè)循環(huán)進行仿真,求得正載與不同偏載位置時,工作裝置各關(guān)鍵鉸點的受力,得出了偏載作用位置對不同鉸點受力影響的變化規(guī)律。仿真結(jié)果表明,工作裝置中受力最大的鉸點是動臂與前車架鉸接點,偏載工況下,這一鉸點受力情況更為嚴(yán)峻。通過仿真分析得到作用于工作裝置動臂油缸與鏟斗油缸上的力,這是分析動臂油缸與鏟斗油缸動態(tài)工作特性的基礎(chǔ)。 本文對80型輪式裝載機工作裝置油缸的動態(tài)工作特性進行了研究,通過試驗獲得80型輪式裝載機一個鏟裝循環(huán)工作油泵出口壓力和動臂油缸以及鏟斗油缸的有桿腔與無桿腔壓力特性,建立開啟與關(guān)閉行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)兩種不同工作狀態(tài)下油缸的力學(xué)模型,得到其剛度系數(shù)和阻尼系數(shù)的通用表達式,基于試驗實測數(shù)據(jù)研究工作裝置動臂油缸和鏟斗油缸的動態(tài)特性,得出了不同工況下動臂油缸和鏟斗油缸的剛度系數(shù)與阻尼系數(shù)曲線,分析系統(tǒng)各參數(shù)對油缸的動態(tài)特性的影響。 本文建立輪式裝載機彈性減振組件—座椅、橡膠減振器和輪胎的動力學(xué)模型,根據(jù)實際工況分析影響減振組件動力特性的各項因素。研究結(jié)果表明空氣懸掛式輪式裝載機座椅,在充氣壓力相同的情況下,可有效保持座椅高度與動力特性的穩(wěn)定。本文還分析了正載與偏載工況下輪胎的載荷與力學(xué)特性,結(jié)果表明,在同等工作條件下,輪胎在充氣壓力為0.39MPa時剛度與阻尼特性最優(yōu),結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性研究的結(jié)果也驗證了這一結(jié)論。 本文系統(tǒng)介紹了虛擬激勵法的理論基礎(chǔ),分析采用虛擬激勵法研究輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性的可行性、準(zhǔn)確性與有效性。根據(jù)輪式裝載機實際結(jié)構(gòu)與工作特點,建立80型輪式裝載機整車11自由度系統(tǒng)振動參數(shù)化模型,在精確確定各項結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對不同工況對80型輪式裝載機進行系統(tǒng)動力特性研究,得到人體座椅系統(tǒng)垂血加速度、鏟斗質(zhì)心垂直加速度、車輪及工作裝置關(guān)鍵鉸點的相對動載等響應(yīng)量的功率譜密度曲線,確定影響輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性的各項因素以及各項因素對各響應(yīng)量的影響程度,并應(yīng)用人體對振動主觀感受的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為評價指標(biāo),根據(jù)駕駛員主觀感覺的舒適性程度給出工況組合及參數(shù)選擇的建議。 論文研究表明,本文所采用的參數(shù)化振動模型建立方法與虛擬激勵仿真方法可適用于不同機型的輪式裝載機,具有通用性,拓展了輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力分析模型與仿真方法的應(yīng)用范圍,對輪式裝載機的設(shè)計與改進具有一定的幫助作用,為未來輪式裝載機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動力特性研究具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The paper combines the "research and development of integrated and intelligent engineering machinery equipment for energy saving and safety" (issue number: 2013BAF07B04) on "12th Five-Year" National Science and technology support program (project number: 2013BAF07B04). Based on the actual working condition of wheel loader, a model of 11 degree of freedom vibration system is established in accordance with the actual structure of the wheel loader, and the influence wheel is analyzed by the virtual excitation method. The main factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the loader structural system.
Wheel loader is a kind of shoveling soil transport machinery. It is widely used in mine, construction, agriculture, water conservancy and other large engineering fields. It has the characteristics of convenient operation, flexible maneuver, easy to use and maintenance. It is an important engineering machinery equipment.
In view of the current trend of the design and research and development of the wheeled loader in China, the production and research and development are mainly concentrated on the 3-5 ton model, especially the 5 ton grade model, but with the change of the market demand situation, the development of the engineering machinery and equipment is becoming more and more large. In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of the work, the speed of the wheel loader is improved. The stability of the whole vehicle at the time of operation is also required. The working environment of the wheel loader is usually bad and the pavement condition is poor, and the characteristics of the wheel loader itself make the frame and the drive bridge adopt the bolt fixed connection and the inelastic suspension equipment, so the whole vehicle structure is no longer for the medium and long distance driving and the transfer running condition. The method effectively buffers and attenuates the shock and vibration caused by high-speed driving, affects the driver's physical and mental health, reduces the working reliability and service life of the loader parts, and becomes an important factor restricting the high-speed and efficient development of the wheel loader. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the dynamic characteristics of the structural system of the large wheel loader. The related factors which affect the dynamic characteristics of the structural system can not only effectively improve the driver's operating comfort, maintain the integrity of the cargo, but also provide a theoretical basis for the development and improvement of the later loaders.
Based on the test data, the elastic equivalent model of the working device suspension is established and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed according to the actual working conditions. The mechanical characteristics of the main elastic damping components are analyzed. The vibration model of the wheel loader space 11 degree of freedom system is established in accordance with the actual structure, and the virtual excitation method is used for the wheel loader junction. The dynamic characteristics of the structure system are systematically studied and the main factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the wheel loader structure system are analyzed. The changes of the external excitation and the variation of the response of the system are considered. The theoretical basis for improving the dynamic characteristics of the structural system of the wheel loader is provided, and the theoretical reference for the improvement of the model and the upgrading of the components is also provided.
Based on the technical data of type 80 wheel loader, this paper establishes a rigid elastic coupling model of the working device and the front frame, and simulates the operation cycle of the positive and partial load conditions of the working device of the 80 wheel loader, and obtains the force of the key hinge points of the working device when the positive and different partial loading positions are located, and the position of the partial load on the different hinge is obtained. The simulation results show that the hinge point of the maximum force in the working device is the joint of the arm and the front frame. Under the load condition, the force of this hinge is more severe. Through the simulation analysis, the force acting on the cylinder of the working arm and the cylinder of the bucket is obtained. This is the analysis of the dynamics of the cylinder and the bucket of the bucket. The basis of the characteristics of the work.
In this paper, the dynamic working characteristics of the 80 type wheel loader's working device oil cylinder are studied. Through the test, the pressure characteristics of the outlet pressure and the arm cylinder of the 80 type wheel loader, and the pressure characteristics of the rod cavity and the non rod cavity of the bucket oil cylinder are obtained, and two different working states are established for the opening and closing of the running stability system. The mechanical model of the lower oil cylinder gets the general expression of its stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient. Based on the experimental data, the dynamic characteristics of the cylinder and the bucket of the bucket are studied. The stiffness coefficient and the damping coefficient curve of the cylinder and the bucket of the bucket are obtained in different working conditions, and the dynamic characteristics of the various parameters of the system on the cylinder are analyzed. Influence.
In this paper, the elastic damping components of the wheel loader - seat, rubber damper and tire dynamics model are established to analyze the factors that influence the dynamic characteristics of the damping components according to the actual conditions. The results show that the seat height and dynamic characteristics of the air suspended wheel loader seat can be effectively maintained under the same inflatable pressure. The load and mechanical characteristics of the tire under both positive and partial load conditions are also analyzed. The results show that the stiffness and damping characteristics of the tire are best under the same operating conditions when the inflating pressure is 0.39MPa. The results of the study on the dynamic characteristics of the structural system also verify this conclusion.
This paper systematically introduces the theoretical foundation of the virtual incentive method, analyzes the feasibility, accuracy and effectiveness of the study of the dynamic characteristics of the structural system of wheel loader by the virtual excitation method. Based on the actual structure and working characteristics of the wheel loader, the vibration parameterization model of the 11 degree of freedom system of the 80 wheel loader is set up. On the basis of the structural parameters, the dynamic characteristics of the 80 type wheel loader are studied in different working conditions. The power spectral density curve of the response of the body seat system drooping blood acceleration, the vertical acceleration of the bucket center of mass and the relative dynamic load of the key hinges of the wheel and working device is obtained, and the dynamic power of the structural system of the wheel loader is determined. The factors of the characteristics and the influence of various factors on the response amount, and the application of the national standard of the human body to the subjective feeling of the vibration are used as the evaluation index. According to the comfort degree of the driver's subjective feeling, the suggestion of the combination of working conditions and the selection of parameters is given.
The research shows that the parametric vibration model building method and virtual excitation simulation method used in this paper can be applied to the wheel loader of different types. It has generality, expands the application scope of the dynamic analysis model and simulation method of the wheel loader structure system, and has some help to the design and improvement of wheel loader. It is of guiding significance for the future research on the dynamic characteristics of wheel loader structural system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH213.6

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