本文選題：起重機 + 安全評估��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋式起重機作為港口和造船廠吊裝作業(yè)的重要設(shè)備,在港口和造船廠作業(yè)中發(fā)揮著無可替代的作用。造船橋式起重機是一種大起重量、大跨度、多功能、高效率的門式起重機械,專用于船塢(或船臺)進行大型船體分段運輸、對接及翻轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)。但是由于環(huán)境條件較差,常導(dǎo)致橋式起重機的腐蝕損傷問題嚴(yán)重;同時由于起重機的大型化發(fā)展趨勢及其工作載荷的復(fù)雜性,致使其極限強度問題日益突出。而起重機安全事故時有發(fā)生,輕則影響生產(chǎn)、造成經(jīng)濟損失,重則導(dǎo)致設(shè)備嚴(yán)重破壞甚至人身傷亡。因此十分有必要對在役特別是老舊的起重機進行結(jié)構(gòu)分析,以確定設(shè)備的安全性。 本文應(yīng)用有限元方法研究橋式起重機金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的安全評估問題�；贛SC.Patran/PCL平臺開發(fā)建立“起重機結(jié)構(gòu)安全性分析評估系統(tǒng)”;該系統(tǒng)的建模功能能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)有限元參數(shù)化快速建模及依據(jù)規(guī)范的加載;其安全評估功能模塊依據(jù)基于《起重機設(shè)計規(guī)范》建立的起重機安全評估準(zhǔn)則,提取模型系列分析結(jié)果,實現(xiàn)對結(jié)構(gòu)的安全評估。該系統(tǒng)利用PCL語言開發(fā)面向用戶交互式、可視化功能界面,數(shù)據(jù)輸入直觀明了,便于用戶操作順序化、流程化,實現(xiàn)人機一體化。文中以某橋式起重機為例,對其進行安全評估;表明該系統(tǒng)能夠進行快速、規(guī)范化的起重機結(jié)構(gòu)安全評估,實現(xiàn)對設(shè)備資產(chǎn)高效管理。 本文應(yīng)用MSC.Fatigue進行腐蝕作用下結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命的分析,結(jié)果表明起重機外板的腐蝕顯著降低結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命,在服役晚期可達(dá)無腐蝕情況下疲勞壽命的18.9%;給出結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命隨時間的變化,實現(xiàn)對結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命的預(yù)測與評估。 本文應(yīng)用ABAQUS進行腐蝕作用下結(jié)構(gòu)極限強度分析,結(jié)果表明起重機整體的腐蝕導(dǎo)致了結(jié)構(gòu)整體極限承載能力的顯著降低,在服役晚期可達(dá)原承載能力的6.7%;給出結(jié)構(gòu)極限強度隨時間的變化,實現(xiàn)對結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力的預(yù)報與評估。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane, as an important equipment in hoisting operation of port and shipyard, plays an irreplaceable role in port and shipyard operation.Shipbuilding bridge crane is a kind of gantry crane with large lifting weight, long span, multifunction and high efficiency.However, due to the poor environmental conditions, it often leads to serious corrosion damage of bridge cranes, and because of the large-scale development trend of cranes and the complexity of their working loads, the ultimate strength problem becomes increasingly prominent.Crane safety accidents occur from time to time, light impact on production, resulting in economic losses, heavy lead to serious destruction of equipment and even personal injury.Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the structure of the old crane, especially the old crane, in order to determine the safety of the equipment.In this paper, the finite element method is used to study the safety evaluation of bridge crane metal structure.The "crane structure safety analysis and evaluation system" is developed based on MSC.Patran/PCL platform, and the modeling function of the system can realize fast finite element parameterization modeling and loading according to the specification.The function module of safety evaluation is based on the crane safety evaluation criterion established by "Crane Design Specification". The model series analysis results are extracted to realize the safety evaluation of the structure.The system uses PCL language to develop user-oriented interactive visual functional interface the data input is intuitionistic and clear it is convenient for users to operate sequentially flow and realize man-machine integration.This paper takes a bridge crane as an example to evaluate its safety, and shows that the system can carry out fast and standardized crane structure safety evaluation and realize efficient management of equipment assets.In this paper, MSC.Fatigue is used to analyze the fatigue life of the structure under corrosion. The results show that the corrosion of the outer plate of the crane can significantly reduce the fatigue life of the structure.The fatigue life of the structure with no corrosion can be reached at the late stage of service, and the variation of the fatigue life with time is given to predict and evaluate the fatigue life of the structure.In this paper, ABAQUS is used to analyze the ultimate strength of the structure under corrosion. The results show that the corrosion of the whole crane leads to a significant decrease in the ultimate bearing capacity of the whole structure.In the late period of service, the ultimate strength of the structure can reach 6.7% of the original bearing capacity, and the change of the ultimate strength of the structure with time is given to realize the prediction and evaluation of the bearing capacity of the structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH215

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