本文選題：指尖密封 + 流固耦合��； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：對于葉輪機(jī)械而言，轉(zhuǎn)動部件與靜止部件之間不可避免地會出現(xiàn)工質(zhì)的泄漏，這部分沒有經(jīng)過主流的工質(zhì)對做功是沒有貢獻(xiàn)的。因此需要利用轉(zhuǎn)子密封對其進(jìn)行封嚴(yán)以降低其泄漏、減少功率損失。優(yōu)良的轉(zhuǎn)子密封所帶來的性能改善，已經(jīng)切實(shí)地體現(xiàn)在葉輪機(jī)械效率提高、運(yùn)行和維修成本降低等方面。 隨著轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度(發(fā)電用葉輪機(jī)械除外)與負(fù)載的日益提高，轉(zhuǎn)子與密封之間的相互作用越發(fā)強(qiáng)烈。如若轉(zhuǎn)子與密封之間的匹配不當(dāng)，輕則增加泄漏、降低整機(jī)效率，重則可損傷轉(zhuǎn)子或?qū)е旅芊饧扑檫M(jìn)入主流，造成更為嚴(yán)重的傷害。本文正是在這樣的背景下提出了對轉(zhuǎn)子與密封之間的相互作用展開研究，，并對轉(zhuǎn)子振動規(guī)律的計(jì)算以及流固耦合的方法進(jìn)行了深入的探討。 本論文主要在兩個方面展開研究工作：基于雙向流固耦合的方法對指尖密封及其改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析獲得了指尖密封的泄漏以及動力學(xué)特性；從轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)計(jì)算出發(fā)研究密封所對應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)子的運(yùn)動規(guī)律，并將轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動引入到環(huán)形轉(zhuǎn)子密封的流場分析中，得出了轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動與轉(zhuǎn)子密封之間的相互影響規(guī)律�？偟膩碚f，本文中針對上述問題所進(jìn)行的具體研究內(nèi)容包括： 1.深入并系統(tǒng)地分析指尖密封的變形與流動特征。 (1)采用已有的指尖密封結(jié)構(gòu)并對其進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)母倪M(jìn)，通過理論及數(shù)值分析，得到了不同的指尖密封結(jié)構(gòu)在泄漏流體作用下的變形特性；設(shè)計(jì)了升力墊開槽的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)并對其進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，獲得了開槽結(jié)構(gòu)在升力及流場方面的特征，證實(shí)了開槽結(jié)構(gòu)對指尖密封性能的提升所做的貢獻(xiàn)。 (2)建立了考慮密封片之間摩擦力作用的整周指尖密封計(jì)算模型，通過數(shù)值計(jì)算獲得了指尖密封的變形及流場規(guī)律，并進(jìn)一步得出了開槽結(jié)構(gòu)在指尖密封性能提升方面的作用；將數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果與成型的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比，找出了數(shù)值模擬可以與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相匹配的工況范圍。 研究表明升力墊上的開槽結(jié)構(gòu)可顯著改善指尖密封的升力特性，這對于通過簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)改型來提高指尖密封的性能或降低其固有缺陷提供了依據(jù)。理論與數(shù)值分析獲得的指尖密封變形及泄漏特征對于指尖密封的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)具有一定的參考價值。 2.對密封轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)以及轉(zhuǎn)子與迷宮、蜂窩密封之間的相互作用展開研究。 (1)應(yīng)用基于轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)的方法編寫求解轉(zhuǎn)子振動特性參數(shù)的程序，獲得振幅與振頻這兩個能夠描述轉(zhuǎn)子振動規(guī)律的參數(shù)。 (2)將轉(zhuǎn)子振動參數(shù)引入到轉(zhuǎn)子密封的流場非穩(wěn)態(tài)計(jì)算中，獲得迷宮和蜂窩密封在轉(zhuǎn)子振動條件下的動態(tài)特性，分析振動引起的不平衡氣體力對轉(zhuǎn)子的影響。 (3)對比不同結(jié)構(gòu)迷宮及蜂窩密封在泄漏特性上的差異，并從流動的根源上出發(fā)分析產(chǎn)生差異的原因。 研究說明了轉(zhuǎn)子振動對密封泄漏量的影響，并且闡述了迷宮和蜂窩密封所產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)子氣體力是有可能對轉(zhuǎn)子減振做出貢獻(xiàn)的；并且從轉(zhuǎn)子氣體作用力的角度分析了蜂窩密封在減振降噪方面的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:For the impeller, between rotating and stationary components will inevitably leak refrigerant, the refrigerant has not been the mainstream on work there is no contribution. So we need to use the seal on the rotor seal to reduce the leakage, reduce the power loss. Excellent sealing performance improvement brought by the rotor. Have to reflect the improvement in efficiency of turbomachinery, operation and maintenance costs.
As the rotor speed (generating turbomachinery except) and load increasing, the interaction between the rotor and the seal is very strong. If improper between the rotor and the seal, light leakage increase, reducing the overall efficiency, weight can damage or cause the rotor seal breaking into the mainstream, causing more serious harm. This article is in this context by the research on the interaction between the rotor and the seal, and the calculation of the rotor vibration rule and method of fluid solid coupling is discussed.
This paper focuses on the research work in two aspects: the two-way flow solid coupling method based on finger seal and improved structure obtained by numerical analysis of finger seal leakage and dynamics; calculating the motion law of the corresponding research on sealing rotor based on rotor dynamics, and flow field analysis of rotor movement into the rotor seal ring that, the interaction regularity between the rotor movement and rotor seal. In general, the research content of this paper is to solve the problem mentioned above are included:
1. the deformation and flow characteristics of the fingertip seal are analyzed in depth and systematically.
(1) the use of the existing structure of the finger seal and appropriate for its improvement, through theoretical and numerical analysis, obtained the different finger seal structure in the leakage and deformation characteristics under the influence of fluid; the design of the special structure of the lift pad slotted and numerical simulation on the characteristics obtained in the lift and flow slot structure the confirmed slotted structure on the sealing performance of fingertip lifting made contribution.
(2) the establishment of the seal model considering the friction between the sealing piece the whole week fingertips, obtained by numerical calculation of deformation and flow field characteristics of finger seal, and further that the slotted structure in the role of finger seal performance; the numerical results and the experimental data were compared to find out the forming, numerical simulation can be match the test result and the operating range.
The research shows that the lift pad can be slotted structure significantly improve the lift characteristics of finger seal, which improve the performance of finger seal or reduce the inherent defects of provides the basis for the modification of the structure. Through simple theoretical and numerical analysis of the deformation and leakage characteristics of finger seal has a certain reference value for the structural design of finger seal.
2. the dynamics of the sealed rotor and the interaction between the rotor and the labyrinth and the honeycomb seal are studied.
(1) based on rotor dynamics, a program for solving rotor vibration characteristic parameters is compiled to obtain two parameters that can describe rotor vibration.
(2) the rotor vibration parameters are introduced into the unsteady flow field calculation of rotor seal, and the dynamic characteristics of labyrinth and honeycomb seals under rotor vibration condition are obtained, and the influence of unbalanced gas force caused by vibration on rotor is analyzed.
(3) the differences in the leakage characteristics of the labyrinth and honeycomb seals of different structures are compared, and the reasons for the difference are analyzed from the origin of the flow.
Study shows that the effect of vibration on rotor seal leakage, rotor gas force and describes the labyrinth and honeycomb seals generated is likely to contribute to the rotor vibration; and the rotor from the gas force analysis of honeycomb seal in vibration damping and noise reduction advantage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH136

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