本文選題：雙主軸機(jī)床 + 非球面加工��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：非球面元件因具有矯正像差和簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)等優(yōu)良特性，被廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天，國(guó)防工業(yè)、民用光學(xué)等方方面面，而非球面元件的精度成為限制其應(yīng)用的主要因素。單點(diǎn)金剛石加工作為非球面加工的重要技術(shù)，如何進(jìn)一步提高其加工精度成為各國(guó)研究的熱點(diǎn)。但針對(duì)雙主軸形式加工機(jī)床加工精度的研究還不夠深入，本文以雙主軸非球面加工機(jī)床為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)行誤差分析與檢測(cè)的相關(guān)研究。 本論文以雙主軸非球面加工機(jī)床的幾何誤差為研究對(duì)象，在分析國(guó)內(nèi)外誤差模型與誤差測(cè)量方案的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了雙主軸非球面加工機(jī)床幾何誤差模型，分析了該超精密加工機(jī)床的誤差組成和特點(diǎn)，討論了誤差測(cè)量方案的設(shè)計(jì)和誤差補(bǔ)償方案的可行性。 運(yùn)用多體系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的方法，對(duì)此雙主軸非球面加工機(jī)床進(jìn)行了幾何誤差建模。首先，在明確機(jī)床各個(gè)部件運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了機(jī)床的絕對(duì)坐標(biāo)系和相鄰體的參考坐標(biāo)系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析了各個(gè)相鄰體的理想運(yùn)動(dòng)和有誤差運(yùn)動(dòng)的特征矩陣。分析該超精密機(jī)床的幾何誤差，建立了該機(jī)床的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖，總結(jié)出該機(jī)床的兩個(gè)誤差運(yùn)動(dòng)分支，，建立了雙主軸非球面加工機(jī)床的幾何誤差模型，并給出了加工誤差模型表達(dá)式，簡(jiǎn)單分析了其中的誤差項(xiàng)。 由于本機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)形式的特殊性，對(duì)誤差檢測(cè)帶來(lái)了更高的要求，在綜合考察現(xiàn)有機(jī)床誤差檢測(cè)方案的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)需要檢測(cè)的誤差項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化，并結(jié)合激光測(cè)量系統(tǒng)和圓度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)，提出了針對(duì)本機(jī)床的誤差測(cè)量系統(tǒng)，完成了誤差測(cè)量任務(wù)。 在建立超精密機(jī)床加工誤差模型的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合考慮本機(jī)床的加工特點(diǎn)，對(duì)實(shí)際加工效果進(jìn)行仿真研究，對(duì)影響加工精度的各項(xiàng)誤差進(jìn)行仿真模擬，并制定該機(jī)床幾何誤差補(bǔ)償方案。
[Abstract]:Aspherical elements have been widely used in aerospace, national defense industry, civil optics and other aspects because of their excellent characteristics such as correction of aberration and simplification of systems. The accuracy of aspheric elements has become the main factor limiting its application.As an important technology of aspheric surface machining, single point diamond machining has become a hot topic in many countries.However, the research on machining accuracy of double-spindle machine tool is not enough. Based on the double-spindle aspheric machining machine tool, the error analysis and detection are studied in this paper.In this paper, the geometric error of double spindle aspheric machining machine tool is studied. Based on the analysis of error model and error measurement scheme at home and abroad, the geometric error model of double spindle aspheric machining machine tool is established.The error composition and characteristics of the ultra-precision machining machine are analyzed, and the design of the error measurement scheme and the feasibility of the error compensation scheme are discussed.The geometric error model of the double spindle aspheric machining machine is established by using the kinematics method of multi-body system.Firstly, the absolute coordinate system and the reference coordinate system of the adjacent bodies are established on the basis of the kinematic relationship of each component of the machine tool. On this basis, the characteristic matrices of the ideal motion and the error-motion of each adjacent body are analyzed.The geometric error of the ultra-precision machine tool is analyzed, the topological structure diagram of the machine tool is established, the two branches of error motion of the machine tool are summarized, and the geometric error model of the double spindle aspheric machine tool is established.The expression of machining error model is given, and the error term is simply analyzed.Because of the particularity of the structure of the machine tool, it brings higher requirements to the error detection. On the basis of the comprehensive investigation of the existing machine tool error detection schemes, the error items that need to be detected are simplified.Combining the laser measurement system and the roundness measurement system, the error measurement system for the machine tool is put forward, and the error measurement task is completed.On the basis of establishing the machining error model of the ultra-precision machine tool, considering the machining characteristics of the machine tool, the actual machining effect is simulated and the errors affecting the machining accuracy are simulated.The scheme of geometric error compensation for the machine tool is worked out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH161.2

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