本文選題：滑動軸承 + 雷諾方程��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：人類最早發(fā)明的軸承是滑動軸承，它具有形狀簡單、生產(chǎn)廉價、壽命長和容易使用等優(yōu)點。如今，滑動軸承種類豐富，依然廣泛應用在中小型臥式水電機組、中高檔汽車增壓器、內(nèi)燃機曲軸、艦船螺旋槳、甚至低溫火箭發(fā)動機渦輪泵中。面向不同的工況和要求，滑動軸承形狀變得日益復雜，涉及的材料也延伸到合金和非金屬材料等，制造過程通常還需要特殊的工具和技術(shù)等。在環(huán)境、能源和材料消耗問題日益突出的大背景下，滑動軸承技術(shù)發(fā)展需要同時兼顧性能可靠、易于維護、減少潤滑劑用量、降低能源消耗、最大限度發(fā)揮材料和制造技術(shù)的潛在能力。 滑動軸承的設(shè)計分析一直是工業(yè)摩擦學研究的重要內(nèi)容之一，理論上已經(jīng)基本建立了軸承性能與使用工況之間的數(shù)值計算關(guān)系，形成了可行的設(shè)計分析方法，如有限差分法、有限元法和計算流體力學方法，但是這些方法在工業(yè)界應用依然存在收斂問題和準確性判斷問題，而且，隨著工程設(shè)計和應用對滑動軸承的復雜計算精度要求越來越高，這些問題會更加突出。本文主要利用現(xiàn)代數(shù)值方法和計算技術(shù)來快速設(shè)計和優(yōu)化流體動力潤滑滑動軸承，實現(xiàn)設(shè)計流程規(guī)范快速可靠，特別是在充分發(fā)揮潤滑劑、制造能力和材料性能潛力的基礎(chǔ)上，對現(xiàn)有軸承產(chǎn)品進行系列化優(yōu)化和改進過程中，，建立高效快速可靠的計算方法和流程，依然具有十分重要的理論意義和實用價值。 論文首先用有限差分法來求解流體動壓滑動軸承的性能，建立了一種新的簡化的對角矩陣方法來求解非線性方程，獲得了軸承性能參數(shù)的邊界可行域；然后利用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡、遺傳算法和人工蜂群算法，建立了軸承潤滑劑流量、功率消耗的多目標優(yōu)化模型，利用此模型，在不更改潤滑劑流變參數(shù)的前提下，以材料極限性能、制造表面粗糙度和最大溫升為控制變量，獲得了優(yōu)化的軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，有效降低了軸承流量和功率消耗；接下來利用計算流體力學軟件，對經(jīng)過優(yōu)化的徑向滑動軸承，建立了包含軸承尺寸參數(shù)和潤滑劑進口幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的仿真分析模型，獲得了進油口數(shù)目、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀、尺寸參數(shù)與軸承內(nèi)部溫升、潤滑劑空化、貧油和入口處潤滑劑逆向流動之間的對應關(guān)系，為進一步優(yōu)化軸承結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)提供了依據(jù)。 為驗證仿真分析和優(yōu)化結(jié)果，設(shè)計制造了滑動軸承性能的試驗測試裝置，通過試驗收集了大量關(guān)于軸承工作溫度和轉(zhuǎn)矩的數(shù)據(jù)，理論計算和試驗測試結(jié)果吻合良好，并用于仿真結(jié)果對比和校正仿真分析模型。最后結(jié)合真實滑動軸承案例進行了多目標優(yōu)化分析，再次驗證了這些方法和模型能夠較大幅度降低軸承功率消耗、潤滑劑流量消耗和軸承溫升，闡述并給出了清晰的優(yōu)化流程，將極大地方便滑動軸承工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的快速設(shè)計、優(yōu)化和應用。 雖然現(xiàn)有獨立的軸承性能優(yōu)化函數(shù)模型在理論上是可行的,但是工程應用極為不便；而且因為多個目標函數(shù)獨立優(yōu)化，沒有建立關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系，優(yōu)化結(jié)果很難同時滿足多變量多目標優(yōu)化函數(shù)，從而導致優(yōu)化失敗。而本文建立的方法成功解決了這一問題，可以實現(xiàn)全局最優(yōu)，縮短了試驗和實際工況應用的距離,使得系列軸承產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)化不僅高度可行,而且價格低廉。
[Abstract]:The earliest human invention is bearing sliding bearing, it has simple shape, cheap production, the advantages of long service life and easy to use. Now, the sliding bearing variety, is still widely used in medium and small-sized horizontal hydroelectric generating units, high-grade automotive turbocharger, crankshaft, ship propeller, and cryogenic rocket engine turbo pump. For the different conditions and requirements, the sliding bearing shape becomes more complex, involving the material also extends to the alloys and non-metallic materials, manufacturing process usually requires special tools and technology. In the environment, can the big background the increasingly serious problem of source and material consumption, the need of the development of technology while taking into account the reliable performance of sliding bearing, easy maintenance, reduce the amount of lubricant, reducing energy consumption, maximize the potential of materials and manufacturing technology.
Analysis and design of sliding bearing is one of the important content of tribology research industry, the theory has been established between the bearing performance and operation condition of numerical calculation, the formation of a feasible analysis method design, such as finite difference method, finite element method and computational fluid dynamics method, but these methods still exist in the industrial sector the problem, convergence and accuracy of judgment and, with the requirement of complex calculation precision bearings of the engineering design and application is more and more high, these problems will become more prominent. In this paper, using modern numerical methods and computing technology to quickly design and optimization of hydrodynamic lubrication of sliding bearing, fast and reliable design of process specification, especially in full play lubricant, basic manufacturing capacity and material performance potential, a series of optimization and improvement in the process of the existing bearing products, construction It is still of great theoretical significance and practical value to establish a high efficient, fast and reliable calculation method and process.
This paper use finite difference method to solve the hydrodynamic performance of sliding bearing, a new simplified diagonal matrix method to solve nonlinear equations, the boundary of the feasible region bearing performance parameters; then using artificial neural network, genetic algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm, a multi bearing lubricant flow a multi-objective optimization model of power consumption, using this model, the premise does not change the lubricant rheological parameters, to limit performance, making the surface roughness and the maximum temperature rise as control variables, optimized bearing structure parameters, effectively reducing the bearing flow and power consumption; then using the CFD software, the after optimization of radial sliding bearing, including simulation of bearing size parameters and lubricant inlet geometry analysis model, the oil inlet of the number, structure shape, scale The internal parameters and the bearing temperature rise inch, lubricant cavitation, the relationship between lean and the reverse flow of the lubricant, and provides a basis for the further optimization of bearing structure and parameters.
In order to verify the simulation analysis and optimization, performance test device of sliding bearing is designed and manufactured. Through the experiment collected a large number of bearing working temperature and torque data, theoretical calculation and test results are in good agreement, and for the comparison of the simulation results and calibration simulation analysis model. Finally, the real case of multi-objective sliding bearing optimization analysis proved these methods and models can greatly reduce the power consumption of the bearing, lubricant flow consumption and temperature rise, expounds and gives the optimization process clear, will greatly fast design of sliding bearing industry to facilitate the optimization and application.
Although the existing independent bearing performance optimization function model is feasible in theory, but the application is very inconvenient; and because the multiple objective function optimization of independent, no established relationship, the optimization result is difficult to meet the multi-objective optimization function of many variables, resulting in optimization of failure. And this method is successfully solved this problem, can achieve the global optimum, shorten the test and the actual condition of the application of distance, so the optimization series of products bearing not only highly feasible, and the price is low.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH133.31;TP18

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 ATTIA HILI Molka;BOUAZIZ Slim;MAATAR Mohamed;FAKHFAKH Tahar;HADDAR Mohamed;;HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES OF A CYLINDRICAL JOURNAL BEARING[J];Journal of Hydrodynamics;2010年02期

本文編號：1733150