本文選題：水潤滑　切入點：可傾瓦推力軸承　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：核主泵擔(dān)負(fù)著驅(qū)動冷卻劑介質(zhì)在核反應(yīng)堆一回路中循環(huán)的重要作用,被喻為核電站的心臟,在核電站中的重要性不言而喻�？蓛A瓦推力軸承和機械密封是核主泵和其它核泵中兩個最為關(guān)鍵的潤滑部件。一方面,軸承和密封系統(tǒng)性能的好壞直接決定了核泵能否安全可靠運行；另一方面,軸承和密封作為核泵中的易損件,其壽命長短又決定了核泵的維修周期,對整個核泵的高效經(jīng)濟運行有重要影響。因此,提高核泵水潤滑推力軸承與機械密封性能對于整個核泵的高效、經(jīng)濟與安全運行起著至關(guān)重要的作用。 新一代核泵用可傾瓦推力軸承和機械密封均選用液態(tài)水作為潤滑介質(zhì)。相對一般的潤滑油而言,水具有來源廣、成本低、污染小、輻射環(huán)境下不易變質(zhì)等優(yōu)點。水的粘度很低,一方面有利于減小摩擦降低能耗,但另一方面也導(dǎo)致承載能力低下,容易引起水膜破裂等事故,尤其當(dāng)設(shè)計不合理時更是如此。此外,低粘度還往往使核泵水潤滑軸承處于復(fù)雜的紊流潤滑狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致計算上存在一定的困難。由于涉及生產(chǎn)廠商的核心利益,國外關(guān)于核泵水潤滑軸承和機械密封性能相關(guān)研究的公開資料不多,我國有關(guān)核泵的研究起步較晚,而對核泵水潤滑軸承和機械密封性能的研究更少。鑒于此,本文以核泵水潤滑推力軸承和機械密封系統(tǒng)為研究對象,基于紊流潤滑理論,通過詳細的計算分析討論了各設(shè)計參數(shù)對其性能的影響。 本文共分為四章,主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章簡單介紹了水潤滑推力軸承及機械密封的研究發(fā)展概況。 第二章介紹了潤滑基本理論,并基于紊流潤滑理論,結(jié)合核泵水潤滑可傾瓦推力軸承及機械密封的特點,給出了兩者的計算方程,并對方程進行了無量綱化、數(shù)值離散和求解。 第三章以某一典型尺寸的可傾瓦推力軸承作為具體研究對象,通過計算分析研究了支撐位置、旋轉(zhuǎn)速度等對軸承性能的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)支撐點位置的改變對軸承性能的影響非常大。此外在高速重載工況下慣性力對軸承性能有重要影響,不能被簡單忽略掉。 第四章首先對機械密封做了簡單介紹,然后通過詳細的計算研究了機械密封槽幾何尺寸與形狀對密封性能(開啟力、泄流量、液膜剛度等)的影響,得出了密封結(jié)構(gòu)的具體設(shè)計規(guī)則。
[Abstract]:Nuclear main pump plays an important role in driving coolant medium in the primary loop of nuclear reactor. It is regarded as the heart of nuclear power station, and the importance of nuclear power station is self-evident.Tilting pad thrust bearing and mechanical seal are the two most important lubricating parts in nuclear main pump and other nuclear pump.On the one hand, the performance of the bearing and sealing system directly determines whether the nuclear pump can operate safely and reliably; on the other hand, the life span of the bearing and seal, as the vulnerable parts of the nuclear pump, determines the maintenance period of the nuclear pump.It has an important effect on the efficient and economical operation of the whole nuclear pump.Therefore, improving the performance of water lubricated thrust bearing and mechanical seal of nuclear pump plays an important role in the efficient, economical and safe operation of the whole nuclear pump.Liquid water is used as lubricating medium for the new generation of tilting pad thrust bearings and mechanical seals for nuclear pumps.Compared with general lubricating oil, water has many advantages, such as wide source, low cost, low pollution and not easy to deteriorate under radiation environment.The viscosity of water is very low, on the one hand, it helps to reduce friction and reduce energy consumption, but on the other hand, it also leads to low bearing capacity, which can easily lead to water film rupture and other accidents, especially when the design is unreasonable.In addition, low viscosity often makes the water lubricated bearing of nuclear pump in complicated turbulent lubrication state, which leads to some difficulties in calculation.Due to the core interests of the manufacturers concerned, there is not much public information about the research on the performance of water lubricated bearings and mechanical seals of nuclear pumps abroad, and the research on nuclear pumps in China started relatively late.Less research is done on the performance of water lubricated bearings and mechanical seals of nuclear pumps.In view of this, this paper takes the water lubricated thrust bearing and the mechanical seal system of the nuclear pump as the research object. Based on the turbulent lubrication theory, the influence of various design parameters on its performance is discussed through detailed calculation and analysis.This paper is divided into four chapters, the main contents are as follows:Chapter 1 introduces the research and development of water-lubricated thrust bearings and mechanical seals.In the second chapter, the basic lubrication theory is introduced, and based on the turbulent lubrication theory, combined with the characteristics of water lubricated tilting pad thrust bearing and mechanical seal of nuclear pump, the calculation equations are given, and the equations are dimensionless, numerical discretized and solved.In the third chapter, a typical tilting pad thrust bearing is taken as the research object, and the influence of support position and rotation speed on the bearing performance is studied by calculation and analysis.It is found that the bearing performance is greatly affected by the change of support point position.In addition, the inertial force has an important effect on the bearing performance under high speed and heavy load conditions, and can not be simply ignored.In the fourth chapter, the mechanical seal is introduced briefly, and then the effects of the geometry and shape of the seal slot on the sealing performance (opening force, discharge rate, film stiffness, etc.) are studied in detail.The specific design rules of sealing structure are obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.31

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