本文選題：應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化　切入點(diǎn)：低溫壓力容器　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：特種設(shè)備安全與節(jié)能技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步逐漸反映出一個(gè)國(guó)家工業(yè)化、創(chuàng)新性及經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的總體狀況。作為特種設(shè)備之一的低溫壓力容器，其設(shè)計(jì)、制造和管理也應(yīng)貫徹經(jīng)濟(jì)性與安全性并重的理念。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)低溫壓力容器，特別是中高壓低溫壓力容器采用傳統(tǒng)方法設(shè)計(jì)制造時(shí)，材料用量大且利用率不高，零部件成形時(shí)能源消耗也較大，而且深冷工況下服役的低溫容器需使用昂貴合金材料，使其生產(chǎn)成本進(jìn)一步提高。因此，推動(dòng)低溫壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)、制造技術(shù)的革新，，實(shí)現(xiàn)其向輕型化方向發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化技術(shù)作為一種提高奧氏體不銹鋼屈服強(qiáng)度的新技術(shù)，應(yīng)用于真空絕熱低溫儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)容器的設(shè)計(jì)、制造，可使容器壁厚減薄50%，容重比下降近一半。在保證容器使用安全的前提下，不但降低了容器制造時(shí)的材料消耗，同時(shí)也減少了容器零部件在加工成形時(shí)的能源消耗。 本文基于奧氏體不銹鋼材料的特性，介紹了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化技術(shù)的基本原理及其應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，比較了壓力容器常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)方法與分析設(shè)計(jì)方法的異同，歸納了國(guó)外奧氏體不銹鋼應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化技術(shù)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化奧氏體不銹鋼低溫容器的設(shè)計(jì)方法，提出了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化技術(shù)工程化遇到的瓶頸與解決對(duì)策，提出了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化的主要工藝流程和注意事項(xiàng)。同時(shí)模擬了應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化低溫壓力容器的應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化過(guò)程，分析其在強(qiáng)化壓力下，不同補(bǔ)強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)的容器封頭與接管連接處的應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度分布及塑性應(yīng)變量。結(jié)果表明，分別采用補(bǔ)強(qiáng)圈補(bǔ)強(qiáng)與厚壁接管補(bǔ)強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，雖然容器封頭與接管連接處的最大塑性應(yīng)變量都符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，但考慮應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度、塑性應(yīng)變分布的差異，應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化低溫壓力容器開(kāi)孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)使用厚壁接管補(bǔ)強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)更加合理。
[Abstract]:The continuous progress of special equipment safety and energy saving technology gradually reflects the overall condition of a country's industrialization, innovation and economic level.As one of the special equipment, the design, manufacture and management of cryogenic pressure vessel should also carry out the concept of economy and safety.At present, when domestic cryogenic pressure vessels, especially medium-high pressure pressure vessels, are designed and manufactured by traditional methods, the material consumption is large and the utilization ratio is not high, and the energy consumption of parts forming is also large.In addition, the cryogenic vessels in service under cryogenic conditions need to use expensive alloy materials to further increase the production cost.Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the innovation of low temperature pressure vessel design and manufacture technology and realize its light development.As a new technique to improve the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel, strain strengthening technology has been applied to the design and manufacture of vacuum adiabatic cryogenic tank inner packagings, which can reduce the wall thickness of the vessel by 50% and the bulk weight ratio by nearly half.On the premise of ensuring the safe use of the container, it not only reduces the material consumption in the manufacture of the container, but also reduces the energy consumption of the container parts in the process of forming.Based on the characteristics of austenitic stainless steel, this paper introduces the basic principle, application and development of strain strengthening technology, and compares the common design method of pressure vessel with the analytical design method.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the relevant standards of strain strengthening technology for austenitic stainless steel abroad and the design method of the low temperature vessel for strain strengthening austenitic stainless steel, and puts forward the bottleneck encountered in the engineering of strain strengthening technology and the countermeasures to solve it.The main technological process and matters needing attention of strain strengthening are put forward.At the same time, the strain strengthening process of strain strengthened cryogenic pressure vessel is simulated, and the stress intensity distribution and plastic strain at the joint of the vessel head and nozzle with different reinforcing structures are analyzed under the strengthened pressure.The results show that the maximum plastic strain at the joint of the vessel head and the nozzle meets the standard requirements, but the difference of stress intensity and plastic strain distribution is taken into account.It is more reasonable to use the thick-wall nozzle to reinforce the opening of the strain strengthened cryogenic pressure vessel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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