本文選題：塔式起重機　切入點：實時計算　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程的加快,塔式起重機(簡稱塔機)作為一種重要的施工機械,已成為建筑工程中必不可少的工具。在塔機使用量增加的同時,塔機事故也不斷增加,給人們的生命安全帶來重大威脅。塔機的碰撞問題越來越受到人們的重視。由于單純依靠塔機操作人員很難完全避免塔機事故的發(fā)生,研究有效的塔機防碰撞監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有重要的實際應(yīng)用價值。 本文首先提出了計算相鄰塔機工作區(qū)域干涉角度的方法,用以判斷兩臺塔機的塔臂是否回轉(zhuǎn)到干涉區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)。利用MATLAB編程仿真計算,將算法計算的角度值與在CAD測量的角度值比較,在角度值為非整數(shù)時,兩者存在誤差,但其精度可以滿足計算要求。 設(shè)計了基于動態(tài)距離實時計算的塔機防碰撞算法,實時采集塔機運行時的回轉(zhuǎn)角度、變幅幅度、起升高度等信息,在兩臺塔機的塔臂同時進入干涉區(qū)域時,計算塔機的吊鉤到相鄰塔機塔臂的最小水平距離,當(dāng)其小于設(shè)定的安全距離時,系統(tǒng)發(fā)出警報或制動。通過MATLAB編程,驗證了該算法的正確性與可行性。 本文確定了塔機防碰撞監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的組成,在通信上使用ZigBee無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸技術(shù),分析了ZigBee無線通信技術(shù)的協(xié)議構(gòu)架、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),確定塔機防碰撞監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)采用網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組網(wǎng)方式,設(shè)計了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組網(wǎng)算法及無線通信幀的結(jié)構(gòu)。分析了控制器、ZigBee無線通信模塊、編碼器、顯示器等硬件的特性,利用絕對編碼器檢測塔機運行時的回轉(zhuǎn)角度、變幅幅度、起升高度等信息,通過觸摸式顯示器對塔機運行狀態(tài)進行監(jiān)控。 利用GUI界面模擬了塔機防碰撞監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)各個界面的設(shè)置。對角度傳感器、幅度傳感器、高度傳感器進行標(biāo)定、校正；輸入塔機位置及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),計算塔機干涉邊界對應(yīng)的回轉(zhuǎn)角度；監(jiān)控塔機運行狀態(tài)并報警；模擬各個操作界面的跳轉(zhuǎn)與數(shù)據(jù)存儲。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in China, tower crane (tower crane), as an important construction machinery, has become an indispensable tool in construction engineering.With the increase of tower crane usage, tower crane accidents are also increasing, which brings great threat to people's life safety.People pay more and more attention to the collision of tower crane.Because it is difficult to avoid tower crane accidents by relying solely on tower crane operators, it is of great practical value to study an effective anti-collision monitoring system for tower cranes.In this paper, a method of calculating the interference angle of the working area of the adjacent tower crane is proposed to determine whether the tower arm of the two tower cranes is rotated to the range of the interference area.The angle value calculated by MATLAB is compared with the angle value measured in CAD. When the angle value is non-integer, there are errors between them, but the accuracy can meet the requirement of calculation.The anti-collision algorithm of tower crane based on real-time calculation of dynamic distance is designed. The information of rotation angle, amplitude change and lifting height of tower crane are collected in real time. When the tower arm of two tower cranes enters the interference area simultaneously,Calculate the minimum horizontal distance between the hooks of the tower crane and the adjacent tower arm, when it is less than the set safe distance, the system issues an alarm or brake.The correctness and feasibility of the algorithm are verified by MATLAB programming.This paper determines the composition of tower crane anti-collision monitoring system, uses ZigBee wireless network transmission technology in communication, analyzes the protocol framework and network topology of ZigBee wireless communication technology.It is determined that the anti-collision monitoring system of tower crane adopts the netting mode of mesh network, and the network algorithm of wireless network and the structure of wireless communication frame are designed.The characteristics of ZigBee wireless communication module, encoder, monitor and so on are analyzed. The information of rotation angle, amplitude change and lifting height of tower crane are detected by absolute encoder.The operation state of tower crane is monitored by touch display.GUI interface is used to simulate the setting of each interface of tower crane anti-collision monitoring system.The angle sensor, amplitude sensor and height sensor are calibrated and corrected, the position and structure parameters of tower crane are input, the angle of rotation corresponding to the interference boundary of tower crane is calculated, the running state of tower crane is monitored and alarm is given.Simulation of the operation interface jump and data storage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH213.3

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