本文選題：立柱　切入點(diǎn)：變幅　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：單臂架門座起重機(jī)的立柱是起重機(jī)工作時(shí)非常重要的承載部件,它的力學(xué)性能對(duì)整機(jī)的正常工作有重要影響。對(duì)立柱進(jìn)行靜力分析時(shí),需要考慮起重機(jī)在各種工況可能出現(xiàn)的最大載荷和立柱強(qiáng)度、剛度要求。實(shí)際上,門座起重機(jī)在吊重從地面突然起升、回轉(zhuǎn)起制動(dòng)和吊重在空中突然卸載、變幅起制動(dòng)等工況下,立柱將會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的沖擊振動(dòng),同時(shí)在變幅和回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)貨物的擺動(dòng)對(duì)立柱也有較大的影響。這些動(dòng)態(tài)效應(yīng)在實(shí)際計(jì)算中是通過(guò)安全系數(shù)來(lái)來(lái)考慮的,這樣其實(shí)是把一個(gè)較復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)模型簡(jiǎn)化為相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的靜態(tài)模型,在某些情況下不能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映立柱結(jié)構(gòu)的受力本質(zhì)。在際計(jì)算中,將動(dòng)態(tài)問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化為靜態(tài)問(wèn)題的主要原因是：因?yàn)閯?dòng)載荷產(chǎn)生的原因及影響因素比較復(fù)雜,同時(shí)動(dòng)載荷的準(zhǔn)確擬合也非常困難。本文正是以上述問(wèn)題為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué)和有限元法為理論基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用ANSYS軟件對(duì)新型單臂架門座起重機(jī)立柱在不同工況下進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,研究了立柱的動(dòng)態(tài)特性和動(dòng)力響應(yīng)規(guī)律。 主要研究工作如下： 1、運(yùn)用ANSYS8.1對(duì)門座起重機(jī)的立柱系統(tǒng)建立有限元模型,給出了用板單元建立有限元模型的原則和步驟,而且采用APDL語(yǔ)言可以實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)化建模,易于修改、便于管理。 2、對(duì)門座起重機(jī)在滿載內(nèi)擺的同時(shí)側(cè)擺至最大角度以及外擺的同時(shí)側(cè)擺至最大角度兩種工況進(jìn)行靜力分析,結(jié)合起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)理論和考慮起重機(jī)的載荷承載能力,得出研究結(jié)果。 3、結(jié)合立柱系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,研究其模態(tài)情況,因?yàn)楹髱纂A的固有頻率參考意義不大,因此只考慮取前幾階主振型和振型圖以及固有頻率。理論結(jié)合實(shí)際,根據(jù)得出的結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù),分析研究理論得出的結(jié)果是否符合實(shí)際情況,從而得出理論分析的真實(shí)性和正確性,對(duì)今后的研發(fā)工作起到指導(dǎo)作用。同時(shí)分析新型單臂架多用途門座式起重機(jī)立柱系統(tǒng)在最大幅度滿載變幅和制動(dòng)后,貨物在擺動(dòng)過(guò)程中,產(chǎn)生的共振現(xiàn)象。并找出相關(guān)的原因提供避免的方法。 4、制作變幅和回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)后兩種工況立柱載荷施加的詳細(xì)excel表格,為今后的設(shè)計(jì)工作提供便利。 5、對(duì)立柱系統(tǒng)在變幅和回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)后這兩種工況利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS8.1進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,其目的是要獲得新型單臂架多用途門座式起重機(jī)的立柱系統(tǒng)在回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)和變幅制動(dòng)后的瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力響應(yīng),包括動(dòng)動(dòng)位移、應(yīng)力響應(yīng)仿真云圖以及典型節(jié)點(diǎn)的動(dòng)應(yīng)力時(shí)間歷程曲線,然后再對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究并得出相關(guān)的結(jié)論,獲得分析此類問(wèn)題的一般性方法和規(guī)律。 6、比較靜力學(xué)研究結(jié)果和瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究結(jié)果,并得出相關(guān)結(jié)論,對(duì)今后的相關(guān)機(jī)型的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)工作起一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The column of a gantry crane with a single arm frame is an important load-bearing part of the crane, and its mechanical properties have an important effect on the normal operation of the whole crane.In the static analysis of the column, the maximum load, the strength and the stiffness of the column may be taken into account.In fact, under such conditions as lifting load from the ground, rotating lifting brake and lifting load in the air, sudden lifting and braking of the lifting load, the column will produce obvious shock vibration.At the same time, the swing of the cargo also has a great influence on the column.These dynamic effects are considered by the safety factor in the actual calculation, which is to simplify a more complicated dynamic model into a relatively simple static model.In some cases, it can not accurately reflect the force nature of the column structure.In the interspace calculation, the main reason why the dynamic problem is transformed into the static problem is that the causes and influencing factors of the dynamic load are complicated, and the accurate fitting of the dynamic load is also very difficult.In this paper, based on the theory of mechanical dynamics and finite element method, the dynamic analysis of the column of a new type of gantry crane with single arm frame is carried out under different working conditions with the help of ANSYS software.The dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of columns are studied.The main work of the study is as follows:1. The finite element model of the column system of gantry crane is established by using ANSYS8.1, and the principles and steps of establishing finite element model with plate element are given. Moreover, the parametric modeling can be realized by using APDL language, which is easy to modify and easy to manage.(2) the static analysis of the gantry crane with the maximum angle of the side pendulum and the maximum angle of the side pendulum with the full load, combined with the theory of metal structure of the crane and considering the load bearing capacity of the crane,The results of the study are obtained.3. Considering the dynamic characteristics of the vertical column system, the modal conditions are studied. Because the reference of the natural frequencies of the lower order is not significant, only the first several main modes, the mode diagrams and the natural frequencies are taken into account.Combining theory with practice, according to the result data, this paper analyzes whether the result of the research theory accords with the actual situation, and obtains the authenticity and correctness of the theoretical analysis, which plays a guiding role in the research and development work in the future.At the same time, the resonance of the new single-arm frame multi-purpose gantry crane column system is analyzed during the swinging process of the cargo after the maximum amplitude full load variation and braking.And find out the relevant reasons to provide ways to avoid.4. The detailed excel table of the column load applied in the two working conditions is made, which provides convenience for the design work in the future.5. The transient dynamics of the column system is analyzed by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS8.1.The purpose of this paper is to obtain the transient dynamic response of the column system of a new single-arm multi-purpose gantry crane after rotary braking and variable amplitude braking, including the dynamic displacement, the simulation cloud diagram of the stress response and the dynamic stress time history curve of typical nodes.Then the results are further studied and the relevant conclusions are drawn, and the general methods and rules for analyzing such problems are obtained.6. The results of statics and transient dynamics are compared, and some conclusions are drawn, which will guide the design and development of related aircraft in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.4

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